Nokea
A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the
- A. Reliability
- B. Sensitivity
- C. Specificity
- D. Validity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Specificity. Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without a certain condition as negative. In this scenario, using a regular blood pressure cuff may not be specific enough to accurately identify individuals who do not have high blood pressure. The cuff may give false positive results, leading to unnecessary concern or further testing. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Reliability refers to the consistency of results, not the accuracy of identifying those without a condition. B - Sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those with a certain condition as positive, not those without it. D - Validity is the overall accuracy of a test, which includes both sensitivity and specificity, but in this case, specificity is more relevant.
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Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?
- A. She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers.
- B. She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate.
- C. She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats.
- D. She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Florence Nightingale's action of convincing other women to join her in providing nursing care to soldiers demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist. Epidemiologists study patterns and causes of diseases in populations, and Nightingale recognized the importance of improving healthcare practices on a larger scale by mobilizing a group to address the health needs of a population. This action aligns with the core principles of epidemiology in identifying and addressing health issues at a community level.
Choice B is incorrect because demonstrating a safer environment resulting in decreased mortality rate pertains more to public health rather than epidemiology. Choice C is incorrect as obtaining safe water, better food supplies, and fighting lice and rats are related to public health and sanitation rather than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as providing psychological support to soldiers is a compassionate nursing action, but it does not specifically demonstrate epidemiological principles.
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The states vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because using local data from a professional survey in the city allows the medical center to understand specific health trends within their community. This data is most relevant and directly applicable to their patient population. Choice B, the National Health Interview Survey, provides broader national data, which may not reflect local health issues accurately. Choice C, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, focuses on hospitalized patients, not community-wide health trends. Choice D, state vital statistics, may offer general health information but lacks the specificity needed for the medical center's analysis.
volved nurses. Typically
- A. any unusual increase in incidence should be investigated. But in the majority of cases the increased incidence occurs naturally and/or is predictable when compared with the consistent patterns of previous outbreaks. Many illnesses are seasonal. Seasonal affective disorder (depression) often worsens during the shorter periods of daylight in the winter. 10. Which aspect of a biological agent is probably the most frightening to those exposed? Infectivity refers to the capacity of an agent to enter a susceptible host and produce infection or disease. Invasiveness is the ability of an agent to get into a susceptible host. Pathogenicity measures the proportion of infected people who develop the disease. Virulence refers to the proportion of people with clinical disease who become severely ill or die. It is assumed people could cope with illness but possible death is truly frightening for most. 1. Which of the following describes the purpose of surveillance systems today? (Select all that apply.) Although surveillance was initially devoted to monitoring and reducing the spread of infectious diseases
- B. it is now used to monitor and reduce chronic diseases and injuries
- C. as well as environmental and occupational exposures. With tight budgets
- D. public health workers must know which programs should be developed and continued based on the most commonly occurring public health problems. Evaluation of the effectiveness of programs requires valid and reliable data. 2. A public health department becomes aware of an impending health problem before any problem is reported to the agency. Which of the following has most likely occurred within the community? (Select all that apply.) Doctors feeling rushed and nurses calling in ill are not unusual events. Syndronic surveillance systems were developed to monitor illness syndromes or events
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it correctly identifies the most frightening aspect of a biological agent to those exposed, which is the potential for severe illness or death. Infectivity, invasiveness, and pathogenicity are important characteristics of a biological agent but the fear of severe illness or death is a significant concern for individuals. The other choices do not specifically address the emotional impact of possible death, making them incorrect in the context of the question.
A nurse supports the use of traditional home remedies in conjunction with Western medicine to promote healthy behaviors. Which of the following is being demonstrated by the nurse?
- A. Cultural accommodation
- B. Cultural awareness
- C. Cultural preservation
- D. Cultural repatterning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Cultural accommodation
Rationale:
1. Cultural accommodation involves adapting healthcare practices to align with patients' cultural beliefs.
2. The nurse is respecting and incorporating traditional home remedies alongside Western medicine, demonstrating cultural accommodation.
3. This approach promotes patient trust, engagement, and improved health outcomes.
4. Cultural awareness (B) refers to understanding different cultures, while cultural preservation (C) involves maintaining cultural traditions. Cultural repatterning (D) refers to changing cultural behaviors, not accommodating them.
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The state's vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city. This source of information would be most helpful because it provides specific and relevant data regarding the health trends of the local population. By utilizing local data, the administration can tailor their long-range plans to address the unique health issues faced by the community they serve.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: The National Health Interview Survey provides national-level data, which may not accurately reflect the health trends specific to the local medical center.
C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey focuses on hospital-specific data and may not capture the full scope of health problems in the community.
D: State's vital statistics offer general information but may lack the specificity needed for targeted planning at the local medical center.