HESI Fundamentals 2023 Test Bank

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A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from the caregiver of a 12-month-old infant who asks if the child is old enough for toilet training. Following an educational session with the nurse, the client agrees to postpone toilet training until the child is older. Learning has occurred in which of the following domains?

  • A. Cognitive
  • B. Affective
  • C. Psychomotor
  • D. Kinesthetic
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Affective. The caregiver's decision to postpone toilet training indicates a change in feelings or attitudes, which falls under the affective domain of learning. The affective domain relates to emotions, values, and attitudes. In this scenario, the caregiver's willingness to delay toilet training due to new information reflects a shift in attitude impacted by the educational session provided by the nurse. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The cognitive (choice A) domain involves intellectual skills and knowledge, the psychomotor (choice C) domain involves physical skills, and kinesthetic (choice D) is often used interchangeably with the psychomotor domain, which focuses on physical movement and coordination.

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How can self-injury be prevented when lifting a bedside cabinet?

  • A. Standing close to the cabinet when lifting.
  • B. Bending at the waist when lifting.
  • C. Twisting while lifting to balance the load.
  • D. Lifting with a quick motion.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct way to prevent self-injury when lifting a bedside cabinet is by standing close to the cabinet. By standing close, the individual can maintain better control and balance while lifting, reducing the risk of injury. Bending at the waist when lifting (choice B) can strain the back and lead to injury. Twisting while lifting (choice C) can also cause strain and imbalance. Lifting with a quick motion (choice D) can increase the risk of injury due to lack of control and improper body mechanics.

When evaluating a client's plan of care, the LPN determines that a desired outcome was not achieved. Which action will the LPN implement first?

  • A. Establish a new nursing diagnosis.
  • B. Note which actions were not implemented.
  • C. Add additional nursing orders to the plan.
  • D. Collaborate with the healthcare provider to make changes.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct first action for the LPN to take when a desired outcome is not achieved is to note which actions were not implemented. This step helps in identifying gaps in the plan of care and reasons for not achieving the desired outcome. Establishing a new nursing diagnosis (Choice A) is not the initial step when evaluating the plan of care. Adding additional nursing orders (Choice C) may not address the root cause of the unachieved outcome. Collaborating with the healthcare provider (Choice D) should come after identifying the gaps in the plan and reasons for the outcome not being met.

What finding signifies that children have attained the stage of concrete operations according to Piaget?

  • A. Demonstrates exploration of the environment through sight and movement
  • B. Thinks in mental images or word pictures
  • C. Makes the moral judgment that 'stealing is wrong'
  • D. Reasons that homework is time-consuming yet necessary
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Makes the moral judgment that 'stealing is wrong''. This finding signifies the attainment of the concrete operational stage according to Piaget. At this stage, children begin to understand rules and logic, including moral judgments. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specifically relate to concrete operational thinking. Choice B is incorrect as it refers more to the preoperational stage where children engage in symbolic thought. Choice D is also incorrect as it involves practical reasoning, which is not directly related to the concrete operational stage according to Piaget.

A nurse receives a report about a client receiving IV fluids infusing at 125 mL/hr but notes they have only received 80 mL over the last 2 hours. What should the nurse do first?

  • A. Check IV tubing for obstruction
  • B. Increase the flow rate
  • C. Change the IV site
  • D. Notify the physician
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take is to check the IV tubing for obstruction. This step is crucial in ensuring that the IV fluids are flowing properly and that there are no blockages preventing the correct infusion rate. Increasing the flow rate (Choice B) without confirming the tubing's status could lead to potential complications if there is indeed an obstruction. Changing the IV site (Choice C) is not the priority in this situation unless there are specific clinical indications. Notifying the physician (Choice D) can be done after checking the tubing for obstruction, as the physician may need to be informed depending on the findings.

A healthcare professional is preparing a care plan for a patient who is immobile. Which psychosocial aspect will the professional assess for?

  • A. Loss of bone mass
  • B. Loss of strength
  • C. Loss of weight
  • D. Loss of hope
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct. Loss of hope is a significant psychosocial aspect that healthcare professionals should assess for in patients who are immobile. Immobility can lead to feelings of hopelessness and depression, impacting the patient's mental well-being. Assessing for loss of hope allows healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support and interventions to address the patient's emotional needs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they primarily relate to physical changes (bone mass, strength, weight) rather than the psychosocial aspect of hope.

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