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A nurse is a working with a patient who will undergo invasive urologic testing. The nurse has informed that the patient slight after the testing is complete. The slight should recommend that for the nurse to help resolve hematuria? What is the test
- A. The need for increased fluid intake following after the test
- B. Use of of a fluid diuretic after the test
- C. Gentle g massage of the patients lower abdomen
- D. Activity limitation for the first patient limitation after the test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drinking fluids can help to clear the fluid tract. Diure are urinary used for urgency. Activity and limitation are unlikely to reduce this activity expected of test test.
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The nurse caring for a patient with suspected renal dysfunction calculates that the patients weight has increased by 5 pounds in the past 24 hours. The nurse estimates that the patient has retained approximately how much fluid?
- A. $1,300 \mathrm{~mL}$ of fluid in 24 hours
- B. $2,300 \mathrm{~mL}$ of fluid in 24 hours
- C. $3,100 \mathrm{~mL}$ of fluid in 24 hours
- D. $5,000 \mathrm{~mL}$ of fluid in 24 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in body weight commonly accompanies edema. To calculate the approximate weight gain from fluid retention, remember that1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of weight gain equals approximately1,000 \mathrm{~mL}$ of fluid. Five lbs=2.27 \mathrm{~kg}=2,270 \mathrm{~mL}$.
The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for renal angiography following a motor vehicle accident. What patient preparation should the nurse most likely provide before this test?
- A. Administration of IV potassium chloride
- B. Administration of a laxative
- C. Administration of Gastrografin
- D. Administration of a 24-hour urine test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before the procedure, a laxative may be prescribed to evacuate the colon so that unobstructedx$-rays can be obtained. A 24-hour urine test is not necessary prior to the procedure. Gastrografin and potassium chloride are not administered prior to renal angiography.
A geriatric nurse is performing an assessment of body systems on an 85-year-old patient. The nurse should be aware of what age-related change affecting the renal or urinary system?
- A. Increased ability to concentrate urine
- B. Increased bladder capacity
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many age-related changes in the renal and urinary systems should be taken into consideration when taking a health history of the older adult. One change includes a decreased glomerular surface area resulting in a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Other changes include the decreased ability to concentrate urine and a decreased bladder capacity. It also should be understood that urinary incontinence is not a normal age-related change, but is common in older adults, especially in women because of the loss of pelvic muscle tone.
The nurse is providing pre-procedure teaching about an ultrasound. The nurse informs the patient that in preparation for an ultrasound of the lower urinary tract the patient will require what?
- A. Increased fluid intake to produce a full bladder
- B. IV administration of radiopaque contrast agent
- C. Sedation and intubation
- D. Injection of a radioisotope
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasonography requires a full bladder; therefore, fluid intake should be encouraged before the procedures. The administration of a radiopaque contrast agent is required to perform IV urography studies, such as an IV pyelogram. Ultrasonography is a quick and painless diagnostic test and does not require sedation or intubation. The injection of a radioisotope is required for nuclear scan and ultrasonography is not in this category of diagnostic studies.
A patient asks the nurse why kidney problems can cause gastrointestinal disturbances. What relationship should the nurse describe?
- A. The right kidneys proximity to the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
- B. The indirect impact of digestive enzymes on renal function
- C. That the peritoneum encapsulates the GI system and the kidneys
- D. The left kidneys connection to the common bile duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximity of the right kidney to the colon, duodenum, head of the pancreas, common bile duct, liver, and gallbladder may cause GI disturbances. The proximity of the left kidney to the colon (splenic flexure), stomach, pancreas, and spleen may also result in intestinal symptoms. Digestive enzymes do not affect renal function and the left kidney is not connected to the common bile duct.