Nokea
A nurse is assessing a client after administering phenytoin IV bolus for a seizure. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Red man syndrome
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Phenytoin can cause hypotension as an adverse effect due to its vasodilatory properties. The drug can cause a decrease in blood pressure, leading to symptoms such as dizziness and lightheadedness. This adverse effect is important for the nurse to recognize as it can potentially lead to complications such as falls in the client.
A: Hypoglycemia is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin.
B: Bradycardia is not a typical adverse effect of phenytoin.
C: Red man syndrome is associated with vancomycin, not phenytoin.
Summary: Phenytoin is more likely to cause hypotension as an adverse effect, rather than hypoglycemia, bradycardia, or red man syndrome.
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A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of ondansetron (Zofran). Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the ondansetron has been effective?
- A. Client reports a decrease in pain
- B. Client reports a decrease in nausea
- C. Client reports a decrease in coughing
- D. Client reports a decrease in diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client reports a decrease in nausea. Ondansetron is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting. If the client reports a decrease in nausea, it indicates that the medication has been effective in managing this specific symptom. Decrease in pain (choice A) is not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Choices C (decrease in coughing) and D (decrease in diarrhea) are not typical indications of ondansetron's effectiveness. It is important for the nurse to focus on the specific expected outcome of the medication, which is the reduction of nausea and vomiting.
A nurse is planning teaching for a client who is trying to quit smoking. Which of the following instructions about nicotine replacement options should the nurse include?
- A. Change the nicotine patch every other day.
- B. Do not drink beverages while sucking on a nicotine lozenge.
- C. Chew nicotine gum for 10 min before spitting it out.
- D. Administer 2 sprays of nicotine nasal spray in each nostril with each dose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not drink beverages while sucking on a nicotine lozenge. This instruction is important because beverages can interfere with the absorption of nicotine from the lozenge. Nicotine replacement therapy works best when the nicotine is absorbed properly, so avoiding beverages while using the lozenge will help ensure its effectiveness. Changing the nicotine patch every other day (choice A) is incorrect as patches are typically changed daily. Chewing nicotine gum for 10 minutes before spitting it out (choice C) is incorrect as the gum should be chewed until a tingling sensation is felt, then parked between the cheek and gum. Administering 2 sprays of nicotine nasal spray in each nostril with each dose (choice D) is incorrect as the dosage is usually one spray in each nostril.
A nurse is teaching a guardian of a school-age child who has a new prescription for a fluticasone metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (SATA)
- A. Soak the inhaler in water after use.
- B. Have your child take one inhalation as needed for shortness of breath.
- C. Shake the device prior to administration.
- D. A spacer will make it easier to use the device.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale:
C: Shake the device prior to administration - Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication for effective delivery to the lungs.
D: A spacer will make it easier to use the device - A spacer helps improve medication delivery by ensuring more of the medication reaches the lungs rather than the mouth or throat.
E: - Additional information may include the importance of proper inhaler technique, how to clean the device, how to monitor for side effects, and when to seek medical help.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Soak the inhaler in water after use - Soaking the inhaler in water can damage the device and affect the medication's effectiveness.
B: Have your child take one inhalation as needed for shortness of breath - The prescription likely specifies a specific dosing regimen that should be followed, rather than using the inhaler as needed.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for clozapine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of this medication.
- B. Ringing in the ears is an expected adverse effect of this medication.
- C. Notify your provider if you develop a fever while taking this medication.
- D. You might experience weight loss while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Notify your provider if you develop a fever while taking this medication. This is important because clozapine can cause a serious condition called agranulocytosis, which can lead to a fever. The nurse should emphasize the significance of monitoring for fever and promptly notifying the healthcare provider. Choice A is incorrect because diarrhea is not a common adverse effect of clozapine. Choice B is incorrect as ringing in the ears is not an expected adverse effect. Choice D is incorrect because weight gain, not weight loss, is a common side effect of clozapine.
A nurse is consulting a formulary about a client's new prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should identify that this medication is used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mimics estrogen's effects on bone without affecting other tissues like the uterus. This helps to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because raloxifene is not indicated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, or any other conditions besides osteoporosis.