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A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of ondansetron (Zofran). Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the ondansetron has been effective?
- A. Client reports a decrease in pain
- B. Client reports a decrease in nausea
- C. Client reports a decrease in coughing
- D. Client reports a decrease in diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client reports a decrease in nausea. Ondansetron is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting. If the client reports a decrease in nausea, it indicates that the medication has been effective in managing this specific symptom. Decrease in pain (choice A) is not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Choices C (decrease in coughing) and D (decrease in diarrhea) are not typical indications of ondansetron's effectiveness. It is important for the nurse to focus on the specific expected outcome of the medication, which is the reduction of nausea and vomiting.
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A nurse is assessing a client who reports taking over-the-counter antacids. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypercalcemia?
- A. Constipation
- B. Decreased urine output
- C. Positive Trousseau's sign
- D. Headache
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constipation. Hypercalcemia can result from excessive intake of antacids containing calcium carbonate. High levels of calcium in the blood can lead to constipation due to its inhibitory effect on smooth muscle contraction in the intestinal tract. Decreased urine output (choice B) is more indicative of dehydration or renal issues. Positive Trousseau's sign (choice C) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Headache (choice D) is a nonspecific symptom and not a typical manifestation of hypercalcemia.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has sinusitis and a new prescription for cefuroxime. Which of the following client information is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. The client has a BUN of 18 mg/dL
- B. The client takes an aspirin daily
- C. The client has a history of a severe penicillin allergy
- D. The client reports a history of nausea with cefuroxime
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The client has a history of a severe penicillin allergy. This is the priority for the nurse to report because cefuroxime belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which has a cross-reactivity with penicillins. Individuals with a history of severe penicillin allergy are at an increased risk of also being allergic to cephalosporins like cefuroxime. This can lead to potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. Reporting this information to the provider is crucial to avoid prescribing a medication that could harm the client.
Choice A (BUN of 18 mg/dL) is not directly related to the prescription of cefuroxime for sinusitis. Choice B (client takes an aspirin daily) is important but not as critical as the potential allergic reaction to cefuroxime. Choice D (client reports a history of nausea with cefuroxime) is relevant but does not pose an
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following predisposes this client to developing digoxin toxicity?
- A. Taking a high ceiling diuretic
- B. Having a 10-year history of COPD
- C. Having a prolapsed mitral valve
- D. Taking an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Taking a high ceiling diuretic. High ceiling diuretics, such as furosemide, can lead to hypokalemia, which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the heart, so low potassium levels can lead to an increased concentration of digoxin in the body, predisposing the client to toxicity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly impact digoxin levels or toxicity. A history of COPD (B) or a prolapsed mitral valve (C) do not specifically predispose a client to digoxin toxicity. Taking an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (D) does not interact directly with digoxin.
A nurse is consulting a formulary about a client's new prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should identify that this medication is used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mimics estrogen's effects on bone without affecting other tissues like the uterus. This helps to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because raloxifene is not indicated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, or any other conditions besides osteoporosis.
For each of the following client statements, click to specify whether the statement indicates an understanding or no understanding of the teaching.
- A. If I experience black stools, I should notify my provider.
- B. I should rinse my mouth after taking this medication.
- C. I should avoid taking antacids while on this medication.
- D. I should take this medication with orange juice.
- E. I should take my medication on an empty stomach.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: [1, 0, 0, 0]
The correct answer is D. Taking medication with orange juice is often mentioned for specific medications that require acidic environments for absorption. This statement demonstrates an understanding of the medication regimen. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the medication instructions. Choice E is also incorrect as it contradicts the specific instruction provided in choice D.