Nokea
A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased vital capacity
- B. Dry skin
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Decreased mental status
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to a variety of physical and mental symptoms. One common manifestation of malnutrition is a decreased mental status, which includes confusion, lethargy, and cognitive impairment. Dry skin is a typical finding in malnutrition due to the lack of essential nutrients needed for skin health. Heat intolerance is not a direct consequence of malnutrition. While malnutrition can affect respiratory function, it typically leads to decreased vital capacity rather than increased. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased mental status.
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A healthcare provider is teaching a client about nutritional requirements necessary to promote wound healing. Which of the following nutrients should the provider include in the teaching?
- A. Protein
- B. Calcium
- C. Vitamin B1
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protein is crucial for wound healing as it plays a vital role in tissue repair and synthesis. Calcium is important for bone health but not directly related to wound healing. Vitamin B1 is essential for energy production but not specifically significant for wound healing. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function but is not a primary nutrient emphasized for wound healing.
A nurse is developing a program about strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select one that does not apply).
- A. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4°C (40°F).
- B. Reheat leftovers before eating.
- C. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water.
- D. Keep cooked foods at 48.9°C (120°F).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to keep cooked foods at 48.9°C (120°F). This temperature is too low to keep cooked foods safe from bacterial growth. The ideal temperature to keep cooked foods safe is above 60°C (140°F). Choices A, B, and C are all important strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses. Keeping cold food temperatures below 4.4°C (40°F) helps prevent bacterial growth, reheating leftovers before eating kills any bacteria that may have grown during storage, and washing raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water helps remove dirt and bacteria.
A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding calcium-rich foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as the best source of calcium?
- A. 1⁄2 cup ice cream
- B. 1 ounce Swiss cheese
- C. 1 cup milk
- D. 1 cup cottage cheese
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cottage cheese is the best source of calcium among the options provided. It is rich in calcium and provides a significant amount per serving. 1 cup of cottage cheese contains more calcium compared to 1⁄2 cup of ice cream, 1 ounce of Swiss cheese, or 1 cup of milk. Ice cream is not a significant source of calcium and is often high in sugar and fat. Swiss cheese and milk contain calcium, but cottage cheese has a higher calcium content per serving, making it the best choice for meeting calcium needs.
A client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease is being taught about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase intake of dietary phosphorus.
- B. Eliminate foods high in protein from your diet.
- C. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
- D. Increase intake of sodium-containing foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease, reducing intake of foods high in potassium is crucial as impaired kidney function can lead to potassium buildup in the blood, which can be dangerous. High potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, advising the client to reduce potassium-rich foods is essential to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing dietary phosphorus, eliminating foods high in protein, or increasing sodium-containing foods are not appropriate recommendations for a client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease as they can exacerbate the condition.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has acute pancreatitis and has a prescription for fat-soluble vitamin supplements. The nurse should instruct the client to take a supplement for which of the following?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B1
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In acute pancreatitis, malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins can occur due to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that may need supplementation in this case. Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin C, and Vitamin B12 are water-soluble vitamins and are not typically affected by pancreatic enzyme insufficiency in acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the correct supplement for the client with acute pancreatitis is Vitamin A.