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A nurse is assessing a client who received magnesium sulfate to treat preterm labor. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse identify as an indication of toxicity of magnesium sulfate therapy and report to the provider?
- A. Respiratory depression
- B. Facial flushing
- C. Nausea
- D. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is a serious sign of magnesium sulfate toxicity as it can progress to respiratory arrest. Magnesium sulfate acts as a central nervous system depressant, leading to muscle weakness and respiratory depression. Facial flushing is a common side effect but not indicative of toxicity. Nausea and drowsiness are common side effects of magnesium sulfate therapy and are not specific signs of toxicity. Reporting respiratory depression promptly is crucial to prevent further complications.
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What is the term for nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes, including conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider sets of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life?
- A. environmental influences
- B. life circumstances
- C. situational occurrences
- D. social determinants of health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: social determinants of health. Social determinants of health refer to the external factors that impact health outcomes. These factors include socioeconomic status, education, employment, social support networks, access to healthcare, and the physical environment. The term encompasses a broad range of influences beyond individual behaviors or genetics.
A: Environmental influences focus more on physical factors like pollution or climate, rather than the broader societal factors.
B: Life circumstances may include individual factors like personal choices or experiences, but do not encompass the societal influences.
C: Situational occurrences imply random events or temporary situations, rather than the persistent societal factors that shape health outcomes.
A nurse is caring for a patient who discloses they are experiencing family violence. What nursing action should the nurse take to support the patient and promote their safety?
- A. Provide a safe environment for the patient to further disclose their experience.
- B. Converse with the patient’s partner and ask why IPV is occurring in their home.
- C. Report the patient’s accusations to other members of the family.
- D. Propose a plan to leave the abuser today.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a safe environment for the patient to further disclose their experience. This is the most appropriate action as it prioritizes the patient's safety and well-being. By creating a safe space, the nurse can encourage the patient to share more details about the violence they are experiencing. This can help the nurse assess the situation accurately and provide necessary support and resources.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Conversing with the patient's partner and asking why IPV is occurring is inappropriate as it may put the patient at further risk and breach confidentiality.
C: Reporting the patient's accusations to other family members could worsen the situation and further endanger the patient.
D: Proposing a plan to leave the abuser today may not be feasible or safe without proper assessment and planning.
Which is a disadvantage of the progesterone-only contraception pill?
- A. Side effects could be increased for persons who are underweight.
- B. There could be a decrease in bone mineral density over time.
- C. They may cause irregular bleeding and spotting.
- D. Return to fertility after discontinuing the pill may take several months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There could be a decrease in bone mineral density over time. Progesterone-only pills have been associated with a potential decrease in bone density, especially with long-term use. This is because progesterone can have a negative impact on calcium absorption, leading to bone weakening.
A: Side effects could be increased for persons who are underweight - This is not a specific disadvantage of progesterone-only pills and can apply to any contraceptive method.
C: They may cause irregular bleeding and spotting - This is a common side effect of progesterone-only pills but not a significant disadvantage compared to bone density issues.
D: Return to fertility after discontinuing the pill may take several months - This is a temporary effect and not a long-term disadvantage like decreased bone density.
What is disordered eating?
- A. an occasional overeating episode
- B. a normal variation in eating patterns
- C. a range of abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes
- D. a preference for specific types of foods
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because disordered eating refers to a range of abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes that may indicate a potential eating disorder. This includes behaviors such as restrictive dieting, binge eating, purging, or obsessively controlling food intake. Option A is incorrect because an occasional overeating episode does not necessarily indicate disordered eating. Option B is incorrect as disordered eating is not considered a normal variation in eating patterns. Option D is incorrect as having a preference for specific types of foods does not classify as disordered eating unless it leads to serious negative consequences.
What do you give for magnesium sulfate toxicity?
- A. Calcium gluconate
- B. Sodium bicarbonate
- C. Furosemide (Lasix)
- D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcium gluconate. In magnesium sulfate toxicity, high levels of magnesium can lead to muscle weakness, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest. Calcium gluconate is given because it antagonizes the effects of magnesium on the neuromuscular system and helps prevent further complications. Sodium bicarbonate (B) is not the correct choice as it is used to treat acidosis, not magnesium toxicity. Furosemide (C) is a diuretic and would not address magnesium toxicity. Vitamin K (D) is used for blood clotting disorders, not for magnesium toxicity.