Nokea
A nurse is assessing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of phlebitis?
- A. Factor
- B. Darkness
- C. Erythema
- D. Coolness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythema and pain are classic signs of phlebitis, inflammation of the vein.
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Which of the following is biguanide:
- A. Glibenclamide
- B. Metformin
- C. Acarbose
- D. Liraglutide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is a biguanide that reduces hepatic glucose output.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
- A. Is widely distributed in the body only when the gum products are used
- B. Does not cross the placenta and so is safe for pregnant women
- C. Delays healing of esophagitis and peptic ulcers
- D. Has no drug interactions when a transdermal patch is used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NRT delays GI ulcer healing due to nicotine's effects on acid secretion.
Hypoglycemic mechanism of biguanides is:
- A. Enhance closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels
- B. Inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver
- C. Enhance glucose absorption from gastro-intestinal tract
- D. Decrease glycolysis in the peripheral tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Biguanides like metformin inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, reducing blood glucose production.
Drug which interferes with metabolism of theophylline is:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Gentamicin
- C. Penicillin
- D. Furazolidone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythromycin inhibits P-450, increasing theophylline levels.
The patient is prescribed a medication that was just placed in Phase IV study. The patient tells the nurse, This medication is too expensive. Could the doctor order a generic form of this medication? What is the nurse's most accurate response?
- A. Medications are not produced in generic form until the patent expires, which normally takes several years.
- B. You can request the generic form but the binder used may make the drug less effective for this medication.
- C. The generic form of the medication would not be any less expensive because this is a relatively new medication.
- D. Generic medications are lower quality drugs and that would mean you would not be getting the best treatment available.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a new drug enters the market, it is given a time-limited patent; generic forms of the medication cannot be produced until the patent expires. Because no generic version of this drug will exist because it is so new, it is impossible to predict what binder will be used or what the cost would be.