Nokea
A nurse is assessing a patient on ceftriaxone. Which allergy should be of particular concern?
- A. Sulfa
- B. Penicillin
- C. Tetracycline
- D. Macrolide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin, has a risk of cross-reactivity with penicillin allergies due to similar beta-lactam structures.
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Which advantage(s) does the unit dose drug distribution system include? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Credit is given to the patient for unused medications.
- B. The pharmacist is able to analyze prescribed medications for each client for drug interactions and contraindications.
- C. There is less waste of medications.
- D. The time spent by nursing personnel preparing these medications is increased.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the pharmacist has a profile of all medications for each patient, he or she is able to analyze prescribed medications for each patient for drug interactions and contraindications. This is an advantage of the unit dose drug distribution system. Less waste of medications is an advantage of the unit dose drug distribution system. Because each dose is individually packaged, credit can be given to the patient for unused medications. There is increased pharmacist involvement and better use of his or her extensive drug knowledge and nursing personnel time is decreased with this method.
Patient teaching related to amlodipine includes:
- A. Increase calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis from a calcium blockade.
- B. Do not crush the tablet; it must be given in liquid form if the patient has trouble swallowing it.
- C. Avoid grapefruit juice as it affects the metabolism of this drug.
- D. Rise slowly from a supine position to reduce orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4, increasing amlodipine levels.
Sarah developed a rash after using a topical medication. This is a type __ allergic drug reaction.
- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A rash from topical medication is a Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity) reaction , typically contact dermatitis, not immediate (I), cytotoxic (II), or immune complex (III).
All are true except
- A. Acidic drugs bind to albumin & basic to acid glucoprotein
- B. All drugs have the same binding sites and mev compete for them
- C. Increased dosage will cause decrease in free drug in plasma throughout the therapeutic range
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acidic drugs bind albumin, basic drugs bind alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; binding sites differ, and increased dosage increases free drug levels.
The following drugs are correctly paired with a clinical use EXCEPT:
- A. Tiludronate to treat Paget's disease of bone
- B. Raloxifene to prevent osteoporosis
- C. Picamycin to treat hypercalcemia
- D. Parathyroid hormone treats hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone treats osteoporosis, not hypocalcemia; calcitonin or bisphosphonates treat hypocalcemia.