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A nurse is assessing the nutritional status of an infant who is 6 months old. The infant weighed 2.7 kg at birth. Which of the following indicates to the nurse that the infant is within the expected range?
- A. 5.5 kg
- B. 6.4 kg
- C. 4.5 kg
- D. 3.6 kg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 6.4 kg. An infant's weight should approximately double by 6 months. In this case, starting from a birth weight of 2.7 kg, a weight of 6.4 kg at 6 months indicates normal growth. Choice A (5.5 kg) is below the expected range for a 6-month-old infant. Choices C (4.5 kg) and D (3.6 kg) are also below the expected weight gain, indicating inadequate growth.
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A nurse is planning care for a client who has ascites secondary to liver disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Reduce complex carbohydrates to 30% of total calories.
- B. Restrict protein intake to less than 0.8 g/kg/day.
- C. Decrease daily caloric intake by 20%.
- D. Limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day. Ascites, which is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is commonly associated with liver disease. Limiting sodium intake helps manage fluid retention by reducing the fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because reducing complex carbohydrates, restricting protein intake, or decreasing caloric intake are not the primary interventions for managing ascites in liver disease.
A nurse is providing teaching about food allergies to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as highest risk for allergies in toddlers?
- A. Eggs
- B. Milk
- C. Bananas
- D. Citrus fruits
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eggs. Eggs are one of the most common food allergens in toddlers and should be introduced carefully. Milk (choice B) is also a common allergen but is typically introduced earlier in a child's diet. Bananas (choice C) and citrus fruits (choice D) are less likely to cause allergic reactions compared to eggs.
A client reports having difficulty losing weight. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Eat small portions of high-calorie foods first.
- B. Set a goal, and you will be able to attain it.
- C. It is helpful to self-monitor your eating.
- D. Taste food while cooking to help curb your appetite.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'It is helpful to self-monitor your eating.' Self-monitoring dietary intake is an evidence-based strategy that enhances awareness and accountability, making it an effective approach for weight management. Choice A is incorrect as focusing on high-calorie foods first may not be the most effective strategy for weight loss. Choice B is too general and lacks actionable advice. Choice D, tasting food while cooking, does not directly address the client's difficulty in losing weight and is not a proven method for weight management.
A nurse is caring for a client with a major burn injury and is receiving TPN. Which of the following lab tests is the priority for the nurse to use to confirm the client is receiving adequate nutrition?
- A. Iron
- B. Magnesium
- C. Folic acid
- D. Prealbumin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive indicator of protein status and nutrition, making it a priority for assessing nutritional adequacy in clients receiving TPN. Iron, magnesium, and folic acid levels are important for overall health but do not specifically indicate nutritional adequacy in the context of TPN administration.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports difficulty chewing due to ill-fitting dentures. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend for the client?
- A. Dried fruit
- B. Roast beef
- C. Tuna fish
- D. Apple slices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuna fish. Tuna fish is a soft and easy-to-chew option, suitable for clients with ill-fitting dentures. Dried fruit (choice A) can be tough to chew and may stick to the dentures, causing discomfort. Roast beef (choice B) requires significant chewing effort and may not be suitable for someone with difficulty chewing. Apple slices (choice D) are crunchy and hard, which can be challenging for individuals with ill-fitting dentures.