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A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Steamed carrots
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Orange slices
- D. Soft-cooked eggs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices have membranes that can be challenging to consume for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Steamed carrots (Choice A) and mashed potatoes (Choice B) are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into smaller pieces. Soft-cooked eggs (Choice D) are also appropriate for this diet as they are soft and easy to chew.
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A charge nurse discovers that a nurse did not notify the provider that a client's condition had changed. The charge nurse should identify that the nurse is accountable for which of the following torts?
- A. Negligence
- B. Assault
- C. Battery
- D. Defamation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Negligence. Negligence in nursing occurs when a healthcare provider fails to take appropriate action that a reasonably prudent provider would take in a similar situation, such as not notifying the provider of changes in a client's condition. In this scenario, the nurse's failure to inform the provider of the client's changed condition constitutes negligence. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Assault involves the intentional threat of bodily harm to another person, battery is the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another person without their consent, and defamation is the act of making false statements about someone to a third party that harms that person's reputation.
A nurse is planning a community education program about colorectal cancer. What risk factors should the nurse identify as modifiable?
- A. Age and gender
- B. High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption
- C. Ethnicity and race
- D. Exposure to radiation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption. These are modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer as individuals can make lifestyle changes to reduce their risk. Age and gender (choice A) are non-modifiable risk factors. Ethnicity and race (choice C) can influence the risk of colorectal cancer but are not modifiable factors. Exposure to radiation (choice D) is not a common modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer.
A client has a new prescription for a cane. What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Hold the cane on the weaker side
- B. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
- C. Keep the cane on the dominant side
- D. Use the cane only on stairs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure the cane has a rubber tip.' This instruction is essential for safety as the rubber tip prevents slipping, providing stability. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be held on the stronger side to provide better support and balance. Choice C is incorrect as the cane should be used on the stronger, more dominant side. Choice D is also incorrect as a cane is not only used on stairs but also for general support and mobility.
A healthcare professional is performing a focused assessment on a client who has a history of COPD and is experiencing dyspnea. What finding should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Decreased respiratory rate
- B. Flushing of the skin
- C. Flaring of the nostrils
- D. Productive cough
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flaring of the nostrils is a sign of increased respiratory effort, which is common in clients with COPD experiencing dyspnea. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. A decreased respiratory rate is not expected in a client with COPD experiencing dyspnea, as they often have an increased respiratory rate. Flushing of the skin is not a typical finding associated with COPD or dyspnea. While a productive cough can be seen in COPD, it is not specifically related to the increased respiratory effort seen with dyspnea.
When teaching about safety risks for adolescents, what should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adolescents have a decreased risk of injury
- B. Peer pressure can lead to risky behaviors
- C. Increased responsibility reduces risks
- D. Adolescents are less likely to engage in substance abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Peer pressure can lead to risky behaviors.' Adolescents are at an increased risk for injury due to peer pressure and the tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors. Emphasizing the impact of peer pressure on decision-making can help adolescents make safer choices. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because adolescents actually have an increased risk of injury, increased responsibility does not always reduce risks, and many adolescents are at risk of engaging in substance abuse.