Nokea
A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Steamed carrots
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Orange slices
- D. Soft-cooked eggs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices have membranes that can be challenging to consume for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Steamed carrots (Choice A) and mashed potatoes (Choice B) are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into smaller pieces. Soft-cooked eggs (Choice D) are also appropriate for this diet as they are soft and easy to chew.
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A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Administer the medication with a straw
- B. Flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration
- C. Crush all medications together
- D. Mix the medication with pudding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube is to flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration. Flushing the tube with water helps ensure the patency of the tube and prevents clogging. Choice A is incorrect because administering the medication with a straw is not a recommended practice for NG tube administration. Choice C is incorrect because crushing all medications together may lead to potential drug interactions. Choice D is incorrect because mixing the medication with pudding is not a standard method for administering medication through an NG tube.
A nurse is planning to administer multiple medications to a client with dysphagia. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Crush medications and mix them with honey
- B. Provide medications through a straw
- C. Place the medications in small amounts of pudding
- D. Offer the medications with a full glass of water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications to a client with dysphagia is to place the medications in small amounts of pudding. Mixing medications with pudding helps clients with dysphagia swallow them more easily. Choice A (crushing medications and mixing with honey) is not recommended as it may alter the medication properties. Choice B (providing medications through a straw) is not suitable for clients with dysphagia as it can pose a choking hazard. Choice D (offering medications with a full glass of water) may be difficult for clients with dysphagia to swallow and increase the risk of aspiration.
A client signed an informed consent form for surgery but has expressed doubts about the need for surgery. What should the nurse say?
- A. Reassure the client of the surgeon's skill
- B. The surgeon will answer your questions before surgery
- C. Tell the client surgery is necessary
- D. Encourage the client to seek a second opinion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the surgeon should address the client's doubts before surgery. Informed consent requires that the client fully understands the procedure. Choice A is incorrect because reassuring the client of the surgeon's skill does not address the client's doubts about the need for surgery. Choice C is incorrect because telling the client surgery is necessary may not address their concerns and could violate the principle of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect as the immediate concern is addressing the client's doubts before surgery, not necessarily seeking a second opinion.
A nurse is updating the plan of care for a client with limited mobility. What intervention should the nurse include to prevent skin breakdown?
- A. Reposition the client every 4 hours
- B. Apply lotion to the skin every 2 hours
- C. Use a special mattress to reduce pressure on the skin
- D. Increase fluid intake to promote skin hydration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use a special mattress to reduce pressure on the skin.' This intervention is crucial in preventing skin breakdown in clients with limited mobility as it helps to reduce pressure on bony prominences. Repositioning every 4 hours (Choice A) is important but may not be sufficient to prevent skin breakdown entirely. Applying lotion every 2 hours (Choice B) may not address the root cause of skin breakdown related to pressure. Increasing fluid intake (Choice D) is beneficial for overall skin health but may not directly prevent skin breakdown caused by pressure points.
A nurse is discussing immunity with a client who has received an immunization. The nurse should identify that an immunization functions as part of which type of immunity?
- A. Natural immunity
- B. Acquired immunity
- C. Passive immunity
- D. Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An immunization functions as part of acquired immunity. Acquired immunity involves the production of antibodies after immunization, which helps protect against future infections. Natural immunity is not induced by immunization but is present from birth. Passive immunity is temporary and acquired through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity is a type of immune response that involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.