Nokea
A nurse is aware of the high incidence and
- A. Apply an ice pack to the patients perineum. prevalence of fluid volume deficit among older adults. What related health education should the nurse provide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Option B is correct because providing education on the importance of adequate hydration and strategies to prevent fluid volume deficit is crucial for older adults. This includes encouraging regular water intake, monitoring urine color, and recognizing signs of dehydration. Option A is incorrect as applying an ice pack to the perineum does not address fluid volume deficit. The other choices are not provided, but they would likely be incorrect as they do not focus on addressing fluid volume deficit in older adults.
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Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscles. Which of the following is not part of the renal corpuscles?
- A. Bowman’s capsule
- B. Vasa Recta
- C. Glomerular Basement Membrane
- D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vasa Recta. The Vasa Recta is a network of blood vessels that surrounds the loop of Henle in the kidney medulla, but it is not part of the renal corpuscles. The renal corpuscles consist of the Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane lies between the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus, allowing for filtration of blood. Therefore, the Vasa Recta is not part of the renal corpuscles.
describes a normal physical assessment of the urinary system by the nurse?
- A. Auscultates the lower abdominal quadrants for fluid sounds
- B. Palpates an empty bladder at the level of the symphysis pubis
- C. Percusses the kidney with a firm blow at the posterior costovertebral angle
- D. Positions the patient prone to palpate the kidneys with a posterior approach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because palpating an empty bladder at the level of the symphysis pubis is a standard step in assessing the urinary system. This helps determine the size, shape, and tenderness of the bladder. Auscultating for fluid sounds in the lower abdominal quadrants (choice A) is incorrect as this is done to assess bowel sounds, not the urinary system. Percussing the kidney (choice C) is not a common practice as it may cause harm. Positioning the patient prone to palpate the kidneys (choice D) is incorrect as the kidneys are typically palpated with a posterior approach while the patient is in a supine or side-lying position.
During an examination, which tests will the nurse collect to screen for cervical cancer?
- A. Endocervical specimen, cervical scrape, and vaginal pool.
- B. Endocervical specimen, vaginal pool, and acetic acid wash.
- C. Endocervical specimen, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and acetic acid wash.
- D. Cervical scrape, acetic acid wash, saline mount (wet prep).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes the essential tests for screening cervical cancer. Endocervical specimen and cervical scrape are collected to examine cells for abnormalities. Vaginal pool is obtained to detect any abnormal secretions or bleeding.
Choice B is incorrect as acetic acid wash is not typically used for cervical cancer screening. Choice C includes potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation which is not a standard test for cervical cancer screening. Choice D is incorrect as saline mount (wet prep) is not commonly used for this purpose.
In summary, choice A is correct as it includes the necessary tests for cervical cancer screening, while the other choices include irrelevant or non-standard tests.
Which of the following antimicrobial drug combination does NOT exhibit supraadditive synergism?:
- A. Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin
- B. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
- C. Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine
- D. Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin. This combination does not exhibit supraadditive synergism because both drugs have similar mechanisms of action targeting bacterial DNA synthesis. In contrast, the other choices involve drug combinations with different mechanisms of action which result in synergistic effects, making them more effective against a wider range of microbes. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid work together to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine target folate biosynthesis pathways, and Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim inhibit sequential steps in bacterial folic acid synthesis. Therefore, A is the correct answer as the combination lacks synergy due to overlapping mechanisms of action.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial endocrine cells to secrete estrogen is
- A. FSH.
- B. LH.
- C. ACTH.
- D. GnRH.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: LH. LH, or luteinizing hormone, stimulates the interstitial endocrine cells to secrete estrogen in the ovaries. FSH (choice A) primarily stimulates follicle development, not estrogen secretion. ACTH (choice C) stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol. GnRH (choice D) regulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland but does not directly stimulate estrogen secretion. In this context, only LH directly influences estrogen secretion, making it the correct answer.