Nokea
A nurse is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of fluid volume deficit among older adults. What related health education should the nurse provide to an older adult?
- A. If possible, try to drink at least 4 liters of fluid daily.
- B. Ensure that you avoid replacing water with other beverages.
- C. Remember to drink frequently, even if you dont feel thirsty.
- D. Make sure you eat plenty of salt in order to stimulate thirst.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse emphasizes the need to drink throughout the day even if the patient does not feel thirsty, because the thirst stimulation is decreased. Four liters of daily fluid intake is excessive and fluids other than water are acceptable in most cases. Additional salt intake is not recommended as a prompt for increased fluid intake.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old patient with a urethral obstruction related to prostatic enlargement. When planning this patients care, the nurse should be aware of the consequent risk of what complication?
- A. Urinary tract infection
- B. Enuresis
- C. Polyuria
- D. Proteinuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An obstruction of the bladder outlet, such as in advanced benign prostatic hyperplasia, results in abnormally high voiding pressure with a slow, prolonged flow of urine. The urine may remain in the bladder, which increases the potential of a urinary tract infection. Older male patients are at risk for prostatic enlargement, which causes urethral obstruction and can result in hydronephrosis, renal failure, and urinary tract infections.
A patient with a diagnosis of respiratory acidosis is experiencing renal compensation. What function does the kidney perform to assist in restoring acidbase balance?
- A. Sequestering free hydrogen ions in the nephrons
- B. Returning bicarbonate to the bodys circulation
- C. Returning acid to the bodys circulation
- D. Excreting bicarbonate in the urine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidney performs two major functions to assist in acidbase balance. The first is to reabsorb and return to the bodys circulation any bicarbonate from the urinary filtrate; the second is to excrete acid in the urine. Retaining bicarbonate will counteract an acidotic state. The nephrons do not sequester free hydrogen ions.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is going to have an open renal biopsy. What would be an important nursing action in preparing this patient for the procedure?
- A. Discuss the patients diagnosis with the family.
- B. Bathe the patient before the procedure with antiseptic skin wash.
- C. Administer antivirals before sending the patient for the procedure.
- D. Keep the patient NPO prior to the procedure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preparation for an open biopsy is similar to that for any major abdominal surgery. When preparing the patient for an open biopsy you would keep the patient NPO. You may discuss the diagnosis with the family, but that is not a preparation for the procedure. A pre-procedure wash is not normally ordered and antivirals are not administered in anticipation of a biopsy.
A patient is scheduled for diagnostic testing to address prolonged signs and symptoms of genitourinary dysfunction. What signs and symptoms are particularly suggestive of urinary tract disease? Select all that apply.
- A. Petechiae
- B. Pain
- C. Gastrointestinal symptoms
- D. Changes in voiding
- E. Jaundice
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Dysfunction of the kidney can produce a complex array of symptoms throughout the body. Pain, changes in voiding, and gastrointestinal symptoms are particularly suggestive of urinary tract disease. Jaundice and petechiae are not associated with genitourinary health problems.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a fluid volume deficit. When evaluating this patients urinalysis results, what should the nurse anticipate?
- A. A fluctuating urine specific gravity
- B. A fixed urine specific gravity
- C. A decreased urine specific gravity
- D. An increased urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urine specific gravity depends largely on hydration status. A decrease in fluid intake will lead to an increase in the urine specific gravity. With high fluid intake, specific gravity decreases. In patients with kidney disease, urine specific gravity does not vary with fluid intake, and the patients urine is said to have a fixed specific gravity.