Nokea
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old male recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for the care of this client?
- A. Fluid restriction
- B. Low residual diet
- C. Therapeutic phlebotomy
- D. Strict hand hygiene to prevent infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow mess drops immunity strict hand hygiene shields this 19-year-old from infections, a top intervention as neutrophils crash. Fluid restriction fits overload, not here. Low residual diets aid bowels, irrelevant. Phlebotomy's for polycythemia. Nurses scrub up, guarding this young client, a germ-free must in leukemia's fragile fight.
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In the year 2012, appropriate statements regarding complications of percutaneous cervical cordotomy in the UK include:
- A. Estimates of complication rates are based on pooled data in a national registry.
- B. Complications are similar to those after open surgical cordotomy.
- C. Rates of major complications such as death and paralysis are between 1 in 10000 and 1 in 1000.
- D. Persistent postural hypotension is uncommon.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In 2012, UK percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) complication data were limited, not pooled nationally case series or institutional reports dominated. PCC's minimally invasive nature yields fewer complications (e.g., no wound infections) than open cordotomy's extensive approach. Major complications like death or paralysis are rare (<1%), below 1-in-1000 estimates, due to precise imaging and technique. Persistent postural hypotension is uncommon, linked to rare sympathetic disruption (e.g., Horner's syndrome), resolving typically. Headaches occur but aren't persistent. The low incidence of sustained hypotension reflects PCC's targeted spinothalamic focus, sparing autonomic pathways, making it a safer palliative option versus historical benchmarks.
Which of these causes of gastroenteritis usually requires treatment with antibiotics?
- A. shigella
- B. salmonella
- C. e-coli
- D. giardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giardia flagellate needs metronidazole, not shigella, salmonella, E. coli, campy's self-run. Nurses dose this chronic gut bug.
Assessment of a wound does not include which of the following?
- A. Location
- B. Size
- C. Blood Pressure
- D. Colour of wound
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wound checks where, how big, what hue guide care. BP's body-wide, not wound-specific. Nurses skip it, a chronic sore's focus.
Essential education for patients with regards to insulin therapy includes the following except:
- A. Hypoglycaemia management
- B. Sickday management
- C. Prescribing insulin
- D. Safe driving
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin education patients learn hypo fixes, sick day tweaks, driving rules, needle skills; prescribing's the doc's job, not their load. Nurses drill this chronic self-care kit, skipping the script-writing bit for pros.
According to Johnson and Chang (2014), compared to the non-indigenous population, the Australian indigenous population is more likely to:
- A. Live in the bush, eat native food and have increased exposure to the elements
- B. Have a higher incidence of chronic disease, be less healthy, die at a much younger age, and have lower quality of life
- C. Access health care and implement appropriate lifestyle changes equitably
- D. Experience death at a rate of twice that of the non-indigenous population
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indigenous Australians face a heavier chronic disease load diabetes, heart issues dying younger, with life expectancy gaps of 10+ years, and poorer quality of life from systemic inequities. Bush living's a stereotype, not a health driver; equitable care's a myth access lags; death rate's high but not precisely double. Nurses see this burden, tackling social determinants, a stark chronic care reality rooted in data, not just location or access claims.