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A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash and is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Tinea pedis is a foot infection due to a dermatophyte fungus. It is the most common dermatophyte infection and is particularly prevalent in hot, tropical, urban environments. Interdigital involvement is most commonly seen (this presentation is also known as athlete's foot, although some people use the term for any kind of tinea pedis). Fever blister, also known as cold sores, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They are small, fluid-filled blisters that develop on the lips or around the mouth. Pinworms are a type of parasite that lives in the lower intestine of humans. They are tiny, narrow worms. They are white and less than a half-inch long.
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A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10mg/kg PO to a preschool child for fever. The child weighs 22 lb. Available is acetaminophen liquid 160 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
- A. 3.125 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The child weighs 22 lb, which is approximately 10 kg (since 1 kg is approximately 2.2 lb). The prescribed dose of acetaminophen is 10 mg/kg. Step 1 is: Calculate the total dose of acetaminophen for the child. This is done by multiplying the child's weight in kg by the prescribed dose in mg/kg. 10 kg×10 mg/kg=100 mg The available acetaminophen liquid is 160 mg/5 mL. Step 2 is: Calculate the volume of acetaminophen liquid to administer. This is done by setting up a proportion with the total dose of acetaminophen and the concentration of the available liquid. x mL100 mg=5 mL160 mg Solving for x gives: x=160 mg mg×5 mL=3.125 mL Therefore, the nurse should administer approximately 3.125 mL of the acetaminophen liquid.
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a 5-week-old infant in the pediatric unit. The infant has been vomiting since week 2 of life and it has been progressively worse over the past 2 weeks. Parents report the vomiting is now forceful and projectile ('like a volcano erupting') immediately after every feeding, but the infant is eager to eat and seems to be constantly hungry. The infant has been receiving a cow's milk-based, iron-fortified formula since birth. The pediatrician reports the infant has not gained weight in the past 2 weeks. The last weight in the pediatrician's office is 3.54kg (8 lb). No other significant medical or surgical history. What condition is the client most likely experiencing and what actions should the nurse take to address that condition? What parameters should the nurse monitor to assess the client's progress?
- A. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), change the formula, monitor weight and feeding habits
- B. Pyloric Stenosis, refer for surgical consultation, monitor weight and vomiting frequency
- C. Lactose Intolerance, switch to lactose-free formula, monitor weight and stool consistency
- D. Milk Protein Allergy, switch to hypoallergenic formula, monitor weight and skin reactions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in infants is a condition where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus causing discomfort. However, the symptoms described, such as projectile vomiting and constant hunger, are more consistent with Pyloric Stenosis. Pyloric Stenosis is a condition in infants where the opening from the stomach to the small intestine narrows, preventing food from entering the small intestine. The symptoms described by the parents, such as projectile vomiting after every feeding and constant hunger, align with this condition. The infant's lack of weight gain could be due to the fact that food is not being properly digested and absorbed. The nurse should refer the infant for a surgical consultation as the treatment for Pyloric Stenosis is usually surgical. The nurse should monitor the infant's weight and frequency of vomiting to assess the infant's progress. Lactose Intolerance in infants is a condition where the infant has difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms can include gas, bloating, and diarrhea. However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition. Milk Protein Allergy in infants is a condition where the infant's immune system reacts negatively to the proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms can include hives, itching, wheezing, difficulty breathing, constipation, and bloody diarrhea. However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has intussusception. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Mucus and blood in stools.
- B. Increased appetite.
- C. Jaundice.
- D. Drooling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus and blood in stools, often described as 'currant jelly' stools, are a common symptom of intussusception. Increased appetite is not typically associated with intussusception. In fact, children with this condition may experience decreased appetite due to abdominal pain. Jaundice is not a symptom of intussusception. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, is more commonly associated with liver conditions. Drooling is not a typical symptom of intussusception. Symptoms of intussusception are primarily gastrointestinal, including abdominal pain and bloody stools.
The Health Care Provider prescribes Amoxicillin at a dosage of 35mg/kg/dose for a child who weighs 34 lbs. and has Otitis Media. The medication is available in a suspension of 50 mg/ml. What is the total daily dosage in ml for this child?
- A. 10 ml
- B. 20 ml
- C. 30 ml
- D. 40 ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1 is to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms. This is done by dividing the weight in pounds by 2.2, so 34 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 15.45 kg. Step 2 is to calculate the dose in mg. This is done by multiplying the weight in kg by the dosage per kg, so 15.45 kg × 35 mg/kg = 540.75 mg. Step 3 is to convert the dose in mg to ml. This is done by dividing the dose in mg by the concentration of the medication in mg/ml, so 540.75 mg ÷ 50 mg/ml = 10.815 ml. So, the total daily dosage in ml for this child is approximately 10.82 ml, rounded to the nearest hundredth as required.
A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?
- A. Firmly attached white particles on the hair
- B. Itching and scratching of the head
- C. Patchy areas of hair loss
- D. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is a common condition in children. One of the definitive indications of this condition is the presence of firmly attached white particles on the hair, which are the eggs or 'nits' of the lice. While itching and scratching of the head can be a symptom of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication as it can be caused by other conditions such as dandruff or dermatitis. Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. They could indicate a different condition, such as alopecia areata or tinea capitis. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base are not a symptom of pediculosis capitis. This description is more consistent with impetigo, a bacterial skin infection.