Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client following a CVA and observes the client experiencing severe dysphagia. The nurse notifies the provider. Which of the following nutritional therapies will likely be prescribed?
- A. NPO until dysphagia subsides
- B. Supplements via nasogastric tube
- C. Initiation of total parenteral nutrition
- D. Soft residue diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the scenario of severe dysphagia following a CVA, the client may have difficulty swallowing and require alternative nutritional support. Providing supplements via a nasogastric tube allows for the delivery of essential nutrients directly into the stomach, bypassing the swallowing difficulties. NPO (nothing by mouth) until dysphagia subsides may be too restrictive for the client's nutritional needs. Initiation of total parenteral nutrition is usually reserved for cases where enteral feeding is not possible or contraindicated. A soft residue diet may not be suitable for a client experiencing severe dysphagia.
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A nurse is teaching a group of adults about nutrition. The nurse should include which of the following amounts as an appropriate daily intake of fiber for adult women?
- A. 5 to 10 g
- B. 10 to 15 g
- C. 20 to 35 g
- D. 40 to 50 g
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 20 to 35 g. This range is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adult women. Fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and overall well-being. Option A (5 to 10 g) is too low and may not provide sufficient fiber intake. Option B (10 to 15 g) is also below the recommended range. Option D (40 to 50 g) is too high and can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and other complications if consumed in excess.
A client who underwent surgical placement of a colostomy is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the dietary teaching?
- A. "Eating yogurt can help decrease the amount of gas that I have."?
- B. "I should eliminate pasta from my diet so that I don't have as many loose stools."?
- C. "My largest meal of the day should be in the evening."?
- D. "Carbonated beverages can help control odor."?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbonated beverages can help control odor in clients with colostomies. This is because carbonated drinks can help decrease odor by reducing the production of odoriferous compounds in the colon. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Eating yogurt may help regulate bowel movements but does not specifically address odor control associated with colostomies. Eliminating pasta from the diet to reduce loose stools is not necessary for colostomy care. The timing of the largest meal of the day is not directly related to dietary teaching for colostomy care.
How many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?
- A. 106
- B. 124
- C. 166
- D. 202
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the total calories in a food item, you can use the following conversions: every 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gram of protein provides 4 calories, and 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Therefore, for this food item, multiply 15 grams of carbohydrates by 4 calories/gram, 4 grams of protein by 4 calories/gram, and 10 grams of fat by 9 calories/gram. The calculation would be (15 * 4) + (4 * 4) + (10 * 9) = 60 + 16 + 90 = 166 calories. Choice A (106) is incorrect because it does not consider the calories from fat. Choice B (124) is incorrect as it underestimates the calories by not including all macronutrients. Choice D (202) is incorrect as it overestimates the calories by adding up the values incorrectly.
A client at risk for iron-deficiency anemia is being taught by a nurse about optimizing dietary intake of iron. The nurse should explain that which of the following sources of iron is easiest for the body to absorb?
- A. Spinach
- B. Cantaloupe
- C. Chicken
- D. Lentils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Chicken.' Chicken contains heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources like spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils. Heme iron, as present in chicken, is more bioavailable and is better absorbed by the body, making it an excellent source of iron for individuals at risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils contain non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed as heme iron.
A nurse is providing teaching to a group of older adults about sources of complete and incomplete protein. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as a complete protein?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Fresh vegetables
- C. Nuts
- D. Dried Beans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yogurt is the correct answer as it is a complete protein source, containing all nine essential amino acids. Fresh vegetables, nuts, and dried beans are incomplete protein sources as they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body.