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A nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply)
- A. The medication will reduce inflammation.
- B. The medication will decrease coughing episodes.
- C. The medication will prevent wheezing.
- D. The medication will open the airway.
- E. The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale:
C: The medication will prevent wheezing. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, preventing and relieving wheezing.
D: The medication will open the airway. Albuterol acts by opening the airways, making it easier for the client to breathe.
Summary:
A: The medication will reduce inflammation. Albuterol does not directly reduce inflammation; it primarily works as a bronchodilator.
B: The medication will decrease coughing episodes. While albuterol may indirectly reduce coughing by improving breathing, its primary action is not to decrease coughing.
E: The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus. Albuterol does not stimulate mucus flow; it primarily works to open the airways and relieve bronchospasm.
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A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. Which of the following clients is at risk for hypokalemia?
- A. The client who has a tracheostomy tube attached to humidified oxygen.
- B. The client who has an indwelling urinary catheter to gravity drainage.
- C. The client who has a chest tube to water seal.
- D. The client who has a nasogastric tube to suction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The client with a nasogastric tube to suction is at risk for hypokalemia because suctioning can lead to loss of gastric contents, which contain potassium. This can result in decreased potassium levels in the body, leading to hypokalemia.
A: The client with a tracheostomy tube attached to humidified oxygen is not at risk for hypokalemia as oxygen therapy does not directly impact potassium levels.
B: The client with an indwelling urinary catheter to gravity drainage is not at risk for hypokalemia as urinary drainage does not affect potassium levels significantly.
C: The client with a chest tube to water seal is not at risk for hypokalemia as chest tube drainage does not lead to potassium loss.
In summary, choice D is correct because suctioning via a nasogastric tube can cause potassium loss, while choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly impact potassium levels.
A nurse is preparing to administer fluconazole 400 mg by intermittent IV bolus daily. Available is fluconazole 400 mg in 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) 200 mL to infuse over 2 hours. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 100
Rationale: Correct Answer: 100
Rationale: To calculate the IV pump rate, use the formula: (Volume to be infused in mL) / (Time in hours). In this case, 200 mL over 2 hours. 200 / 2 = 100 mL/hr.
Summary:
A. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
B. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
C. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
D. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
E. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
F. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
G. Incorrect. Not the correct calculation for the IV pump rate.
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires mechanical ventilation. The client receives a prescription for pancuronium. The nurse recognizes that this medication is for which of the following purposes?
- A. Induce sedation.
- B. Suppress respiratory effort.
- C. Decrease chest wall compliance.
- D. Decrease respiratory secretions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppress respiratory effort. Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that paralyzes skeletal muscles, including the muscles involved in breathing. In ARDS, the client may have difficulty breathing due to lung damage, so pancuronium can be used to facilitate mechanical ventilation by preventing respiratory muscle movement. This allows the ventilator to control the client's breathing without interference. The other choices are incorrect because pancuronium does not induce sedation (A), affect chest wall compliance (C), or decrease respiratory secretions (D). It solely works to suppress respiratory effort by blocking neuromuscular transmission.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for verapamil for angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You can expect swelling of the ankles while taking this medication.
- B. Do not take this medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Limit your fluid intake to meal times.
- D. Increase your daily intake of dietary fiber.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increase your daily intake of dietary fiber. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker used for angina, can cause constipation as a side effect. Increasing dietary fiber helps prevent constipation by promoting bowel regularity. This instruction is important for the client's overall well-being and medication compliance.
A: Swelling of the ankles is not a common side effect of verapamil.
B: Verapamil can be taken with or without food, so taking it on an empty stomach is not necessary.
C: There is no need to limit fluid intake to meal times while taking verapamil.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for home oxygen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Use wool blankets on your bed.
- B. Do not adjust the oxygen flow rate.
- C. Store unused oxygen tanks horizontally.
- D. Check your oxygen equipment once each week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not adjust the oxygen flow rate. It is essential not to adjust the oxygen flow rate as it is prescribed by a healthcare provider based on the client's condition. Incorrectly adjusting the flow rate can lead to inadequate oxygen delivery or oxygen toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as wool blankets can generate static electricity, which can be dangerous around oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because oxygen tanks should be stored vertically to prevent accidents. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen equipment should be checked daily for safety and functionality.