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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing?
- A. High-purine diet.
- B. Female gender.
- C. Dehydration.
- D. Family history.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dehydration is a major risk factor for urolithiasis, concentrating urine and promoting stone formation.
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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Frothy sputum.
- B. Dependent edema.
- C. Jugular distention.
- D. Nocturnal polyuria.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frothy sputum is a symptom of left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion and edema.
A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as unique for this age group?
- A. Confusion.
- B. Urinary retention.
- C. Incontinence.
- D. Low back pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Confusion is a unique symptom of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults, often being the first or only symptom, making it a critical indicator for this age group.
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a blood sampling for a serum creatinine level. The client asks the nurse, "What is the purpose of this test?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
- A. This test will inform your provider if you are anemic.
- B. This test will inform your provider if you have an infection.
- C. This test will inform your provider how your kidneys are functioning.
- D. This test will inform your provider if you have a thyroid disorder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A serum creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood, which is an indicator of kidney function. Elevated creatinine levels can indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease.
A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Maintain a low carbohydrate diet.
- B. Eliminate ingestion of foods high in protein.
- C. Increase intake of sodium-containing food.
- D. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reducing foods high in potassium is crucial in CKD to prevent hyperkalemia due to impaired renal potassium excretion.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory reports should the nurse expect to find?
- A. BUN 45 mg/dL, serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL.
- B. BUN 11 mg/dL, serum creatinine 10 mg/dL.
- C. BUN 35 mg/dL, serum creatinine 8 mg/dL.
- D. BUN 10 mg/dL, serum creatinine 0.3 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated BUN (35 mg/dL) and serum creatinine (8 mg/dL) are consistent with impaired kidney function in chronic kidney disease.