Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Valproic Acid. The nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following laboratory tests completed periodically?
- A. Thrombocyte count
- B. Hematocrit
- C. Amylase
- D. Kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproic acid requires monitoring of platelets for bleeding risk and liver function for hepatotoxicity.
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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about drug development in the United States in preparation for an exam. The students demonstrate understanding of this material when they identify testing of which of the following as one of the first steps?
- A. Small group of healthy volunteers
- B. People who have the disease
- C. Live animals
- D. Large numbers of patients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initially, drug testing begins with testing in an artificial environment such as a test tube, and then this testing is followed by testing on live animals. Next, clinical testing occurs with each phase involving a larger number of people. First, a small group of 20 to 100 healthy volunteers are tested; then testing is performed on people who have the disease or condition. Last, the drug is given to large numbers of patients in medical research centers.
A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient. The nurse would know that a normal physiologic change that must be considered when planning drug therapy, and is associated with aging is what?
- A. Blood volume decreases
- B. Subcutaneous tissue increases
- C. Total body water increases
- D. Muscle mass increases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging reduces blood volume, altering drug distribution and requiring dosage adjustments.
Which of the following is an adverse event of glucocorticoids:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypo acid gastritis
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Dehidratation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids due to bone catabolism.
The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
- B. The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
- C. The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
- D. Age-related decrease in renal function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related renal decline slows drug clearance, raising ADR risk in the elderly, unlike muscle mass , studies , or BBB .
Patients whose total dose of prednisone will exceed 1 gram will most likely need a second prescription for:
- A. Metformin, a biguanide to prevent diabetes
- B. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor to prevent peptic ulcer disease
- C. Naproxen, an NSAID to treat joint pain
- D. Furosemide, a diuretic to treat fluid retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-dose prednisone risks ulcers, warranting omeprazole; diabetes or fluid are less immediate.