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A nurse is caring for a client who has a placenta previa. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Spotting
- B. Nausea
- C. Polyhydramnios
- D. Uterine tenderness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spotting is a common symptom of placenta previa due to the abnormal positioning of the placenta over the cervix.
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Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Prolactin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a cesarean delivery?
- A. Maternal infection
- B. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Postoperative hemorrhage
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cesarean delivery can lead to maternal infection, neonatal respiratory distress, and postoperative hemorrhage.
A nurse is preparing to assess fetal heart tones for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Place the client in a side-lying position prior to assessing the fetal heart rate
- B. Measure the fundal height to determine the placement of the ultrasound stethoscope.
- C. Position the ultrasound stethoscope above the symphysis pubis to assess the fetal heart rate.
- D. Perform Leopold maneuvers prior to auscultating the fetal heart rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal heart rate is best assessed using an ultrasound stethoscope positioned above the symphysis pubis. Leopold maneuvers are not necessary at this early stage.
A nurse is teaching about car seat safety to the parents of a newborn who was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can use a sleep sack to keep my baby warm in the car seat.'
- B. My baby will need a car seat challenge test before discharge.'
- C. The car seat should be positioned in the car at a 45-degree angle.'
- D. When my baby is 1 year old, I can turn their car seat facing forward.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "The car seat should be positioned in the car at a 45-degree angle." This is correct because newborns and premature babies (delivered at 38 weeks) have less muscle tone and are at risk of airway compromise if the head falls forward in the car seat. Placing the car seat at a 45-degree angle helps keep the baby's airway open and prevents slumping.
A: "I can use a sleep sack to keep my baby warm in the car seat." - This is incorrect as bulky clothing or blankets should not be used in the car seat as they can compress in a crash and create a loose harness fit.
B: "My baby will need a car seat challenge test before discharge." - This is incorrect as car seat challenge tests are usually done for premature infants born before 37 weeks.
D: "When my baby is 1 year old, I can turn their car seat facing forward." - This is incorrect as rear
Which of the following is a potential ethical issue in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Informed consent
- B. Patient confidentiality
- C. End-of-life decision-making
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. In maternal and newborn healthcare, ethical issues can arise in various aspects such as obtaining informed consent for procedures, ensuring patient confidentiality, and making difficult end-of-life decisions. Informed consent is crucial to respect patient autonomy. Patient confidentiality is vital to maintain trust and privacy. End-of-life decision-making involves complex ethical considerations. Choosing D is correct as all these issues are potential ethical concerns in this specific healthcare context. Choices A, B, and C alone are not comprehensive enough to cover the range of ethical issues that can arise in maternal and newborn healthcare.