Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who has Atrial Fibrillation and a new prescription for Dabigatran to prevent development of Thrombosis. Which of the following medications is prescribed concurrently to treat an adverse effect of Dabigatran?
- A. Vitamin k1
- B. Protamine
- C. Omeprazole
- D. Probenecid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Omeprazole reduces dabigatran's GI bleeding risk, a common side effect.
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One of the patient in the clinic is being treated with spironolactone. Which statement correctly describes a property of this drug?
- A. Contraindicated in heart failure, especially if severe
- B. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules
- C. Interferes with aldosterone synthesis
- D. Is generally preferred to a thiazide in most patients with essential hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spironolactone blocks aldosterone receptors, not synthesis; correct answer inferred as none fully match.
A nurse is instructing a client who has a new prescription for Timolol how to insert eye drops. The nurse should instruct the client to press on which of the following areas to prevent systemic absorption of the medication?
- A. Bony orbit
- B. Nasolacrimal duct
- C. Conjunctival sac
- D. Outer canthus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pressing the nasolacrimal duct prevents systemic absorption by blocking drainage into the nasal cavity.
What is the most likely mechanism for hip fracture in patients with glucocorticoid longterm treatment?
- A. Increased intestinal calcium absorption
- B. Increased sex hormone synthesis
- C. Inhibition of bone formation
- D. Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit bone formation by suppressing osteoblast activity, increasing osteoporosis and fracture risk.
Which statement is correct regarding glucagon:
- A. Causes hypoglicemia
- B. Haven't affect glucose level in the blood
- C. Has a positive inotroic effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon has a positive inotropic effect on the heart, increasing contractility, in addition to raising blood glucose levels.
Several processes enable a drug to reach a specific concentration in the body. Together they are called dynamic equilibrium. What are these processes? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Distribution to the active site
- B. Biotransformation
- C. Absorption from the muscle
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body results from a dynamic equilibrium involving several processes: Absorption from the site of entry (can be from the muscle, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract if taken orally, of the subcutaneous tissue if given by that route); Distribution to the active site; biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver; excretion from the body. Interaction with other drugs is not part of the dynamic equilibrium.