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A nurse is caring for a client who is at 20 weeks of gestation and has trichomoniasis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Thick, white vaginal discharge
- B. Urinary frequency
- C. Vulva lesions
- D. Malodorous discharge
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Malodorous discharge. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite, resulting in a foul-smelling, greenish-yellow vaginal discharge. This characteristic discharge is due to the infection and inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. Option A (Thick, white vaginal discharge) is more indicative of a yeast infection, while option B (Urinary frequency) is not specific to trichomoniasis. Option C (Vulva lesions) is not a common symptom of trichomoniasis. Overall, the malodorous discharge is the key finding in diagnosing trichomoniasis at 20 weeks of gestation.
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Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between the onset of regular uterine contractions and full cervical dilation?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first stage of labor begins with the onset of regular contractions and ends with full cervical dilation.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a cesarean delivery?
- A. Maternal infection
- B. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Postoperative hemorrhage
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cesarean delivery can lead to maternal infection, neonatal respiratory distress, and postoperative hemorrhage.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a newborn whose mother tested positive for heroin during pregnancy. The newborn is experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Administer naloxone to the newborn.
- B. Swaddle the newborn with his legs extended.
- C. Maintain eye contact with the newborn during feedings
- D. Minimize noise in the newborn's environment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Minimizing noise in the newborn's environment helps reduce overstimulation, which can exacerbate symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Naloxone is not used for this condition, and swaddling with legs extended is incorrect as it should be snug to provide comfort.
A nurse is preparing to assess fetal heart tones for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Place the client in a side-lying position prior to assessing the fetal heart rate
- B. Measure the fundal height to determine the placement of the ultrasound stethoscope.
- C. Position the ultrasound stethoscope above the symphysis pubis to assess the fetal heart rate.
- D. Perform Leopold maneuvers prior to auscultating the fetal heart rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal heart rate is best assessed using an ultrasound stethoscope positioned above the symphysis pubis. Leopold maneuvers are not necessary at this early stage.
Which of the following is a potential complication of oligohydramnios?
- A. Preterm labor
- B. Fetal growth restriction
- C. Polyhydramnios
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fetal growth restriction. Oligohydramnios is a condition characterized by low amniotic fluid levels, which can lead to poor fetal growth due to decreased cushioning and space for the fetus to move and grow. This can result in intrauterine growth restriction and potential complications for the baby. Preterm labor (choice A) can also be associated with oligohydramnios due to issues with placental function, but it is not a direct complication of low amniotic fluid levels. Polyhydramnios (choice C) is the opposite condition of oligohydramnios and is not a potential complication of it. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly relates to the impact of oligohydramnios on fetal growth.