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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following cataract surgery. The client reports that they do not want to wear their eye shield. What should the nurse do?
- A. Allow the client to make their own decision
- B. Explain the importance of wearing the eye shield
- C. Remove the eye shield and assess the eye
- D. Encourage the client to discuss their concerns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Explain the importance of wearing the eye shield. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on the reasons why wearing the eye shield is crucial post cataract surgery, such as protecting the eye from injury and promoting proper healing. This empowers the client with knowledge and helps them make an informed decision. Choice A is incorrect because the nurse should provide necessary information to ensure the client's safety. Choice C is incorrect as removing the eye shield without proper justification can compromise the client's recovery. Choice D is also incorrect as discussing concerns should come after the client is educated on the importance of the eye shield.
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A nurse is assessing the IV infusion site of a client who reports pain at the site. The site is red, and there is warmth along the course of the vein. What should the nurse do?
- A. Increase the IV flow rate
- B. Discontinue the infusion
- C. Elevate the limb
- D. Apply a cold compress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the infusion (Choice B) as the signs described suggest phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein. Increasing the IV flow rate (Choice A) can exacerbate the condition by increasing the irritation. Elevating the limb (Choice C) and applying a cold compress (Choice D) are not the appropriate interventions for phlebitis. Elevation and cold therapy are more suitable for conditions like swelling or inflammation, but in this case, discontinuing the infusion is the priority to prevent further complications.
A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical record of a client with a hip fracture. Which finding is a risk factor for pressure injuries?
- A. Frequent repositioning
- B. Poor nutrition
- C. Use of a special mattress
- D. Urinary incontinence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the use of a special mattress. Special mattresses are designed to reduce pressure on bony prominences, thereby helping to prevent pressure injuries. Frequent repositioning (Choice A) is actually a preventive measure for pressure injuries. Poor nutrition (Choice B) can contribute to delayed wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Urinary incontinence (Choice D) can increase the risk of skin breakdown but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries.
A healthcare professional is teaching a group of assistive personnel about the expected integumentary changes in older adults. Which change should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Increase in skin turgor
- B. Increase in subcutaneous fat
- C. Decrease in moisture levels
- D. Increase in oil production
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decrease in moisture levels. In older adults, there is a reduction in oil production, leading to decreased moisture levels in the skin. This change can result in dry skin and increased risk of skin issues. The other choices are incorrect because in older adults, skin turgor tends to decrease, subcutaneous fat may decrease, and oil production typically decreases rather than increases.
A healthcare provider is preparing to perform a routine abdominal assessment. What action should the healthcare provider take first?
- A. Inspect the abdomen
- B. Auscultate bowel sounds
- C. Palpate the abdomen
- D. Percuss the abdomen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action in a routine abdominal assessment is to inspect the abdomen. This allows the healthcare provider to visually assess for any visible abnormalities such as scars, distention, or masses. Auscultating bowel sounds comes after inspection as the second step to assess bowel motility. Palpation and percussion follow in the sequence of a comprehensive abdominal assessment. Therefore, inspecting the abdomen is the priority to gather initial information before proceeding with further assessment techniques.
A client has a new prescription for a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Inhale the medication for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously before use
- C. Hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth
- D. Exhale immediately after inhalation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth. This distance allows for the proper delivery of the medication into the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the duration of inhalation can vary depending on the medication, and 1 second may not be adequate. Choice B is incorrect as shaking the inhaler vigorously is not necessary for all MDIs and can lead to inaccurate dosing. Choice D is incorrect as the client should hold their breath for about 10 seconds after inhalation to allow the medication to deposit in the lungs.