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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving treatment for chronic alcohol use disorder. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to assist the client in maintaining abstinence by aversion therapy?
- A. Carbamazepine
- B. Disulfiram
- C. Atenolol
- D. Lorazepam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disulfiram. Disulfiram is used in aversion therapy for alcohol use disorder by causing unpleasant effects like nausea, vomiting, and flushing when alcohol is consumed. This helps deter the client from drinking. Carbamazepine (A) is used for seizures, mood disorders, and neuropathic pain, not specifically for aversion therapy. Atenolol (C) is a beta-blocker used for hypertension and not for aversion therapy. Lorazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and not for aversion therapy.
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A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Urticaria
- C. Chills
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chills. A febrile nonhemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion is characterized by the sudden onset of chills and fever, usually within the first 15 minutes to 2 hours of the transfusion. This reaction is caused by the recipient's antibodies reacting to donor leukocytes. Dyspnea (A), urticaria (B), and vomiting (D) are more indicative of other transfusion reactions such as an allergic reaction, hemolytic reaction, or bacterial contamination, respectively.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin. For which of the following should the nurse monitor the client?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Polyuria
- D. Photophobia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinnitus. The nurse should monitor the client for tinnitus because gentamicin can cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. Tachycardia (B), polyuria (C), and photophobia (D) are not commonly associated with gentamicin use. Tachycardia may be a sign of other issues, polyuria could indicate kidney problems, and photophobia is sensitivity to light, which is not a typical side effect of gentamicin. Therefore, the nurse should focus on monitoring for tinnitus as a potential adverse effect of gentamicin therapy.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for sildenafil to treat erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. This medication will protect me from sexually transmitted diseases.
- B. I will avoid eating fatty foods, while I take this medication.
- C. I should take this medication twice each day.
- D. I can expect to have constipation while I take this medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Eating fatty foods can delay the absorption of sildenafil, so avoiding them can help the medication work effectively. Choice A is incorrect because sildenafil does not protect against STDs. Choice C is incorrect as sildenafil is usually taken as needed, not twice daily. Choice D is incorrect as constipation is not a common side effect of sildenafil.
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10 mg/kg PO every 6 hr to a toddler who weighs 26.4 lb. Available is acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 mL liquid. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 1.2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the correct dose, first convert the toddler's weight from pounds to kilograms: 26.4 lb / 2.2 = 12 kg. Then calculate the dose: 10 mg/kg * 12 kg = 120 mg per dose. Next, determine how many mL of the liquid acetaminophen contain 120 mg: 80 mg/0.8 mL = 120 mg/X mL. Cross multiply to find X = 1.2 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 1.2 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the toddler's weight and the concentration of the liquid form of acetaminophen available.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for lorazepam. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Dizziness
- C. Decreased appetite
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B, dizziness, because lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can cause central nervous system depression, leading to dizziness as a common adverse effect. Urinary retention (A) is not a common side effect of lorazepam. Decreased appetite (C) is not typically associated with lorazepam use. Hypertension (D) is not a common adverse effect of lorazepam. It is important to monitor for dizziness as it can affect the client's safety and mobility.