Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who reports muscle spasms after receiving haloperidol. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Metoprolol
- B. Benztropine
- C. Oxycodone
- D. Risperidone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benztropine. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms such as muscle spasms caused by antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine in the brain, helping to alleviate muscle spasms. Metoprolol (A) is a beta-blocker used for hypertension, not muscle spasms. Oxycodone (C) is an opioid for pain relief, not muscle spasms. Risperidone (D) is another antipsychotic but not typically used to treat muscle spasms.
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A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1 mL
Rationale: The correct answer is 1 mL. To calculate the dose for each administration, first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms (44 lb = 20 kg). The total daily dose is 6 mg/kg/day, so for a 20 kg child, the total daily dose is 120 mg (6 mg/kg/day x 20 kg). Since it is to be given in three equal doses, each dose would be 40 mg (120 mg total dose ÷ 3 doses). Since the available concentration is 40 mg/mL, the nurse would administer 1 mL for each dose (40 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 1 mL). Therefore, the correct answer is 1 mL.
Incorrect answers:
- Choice B: This is incorrect as it does not follow the correct calculation method.
- Choice C: This is incorrect as it does not consider the weight of the child and the total daily dose required.
- Choice D: This is incorrect as it does not
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was admitted for diazepam toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
- A. Vitamin K
- B. Calcium gluconate
- C. Protamine sulfate
- D. Flumazenil
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity, such as diazepam. Administering Flumazenil in this case can help reverse the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of diazepam.
Incorrect choices:
A: Vitamin K is used for blood clotting disorders, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
B: Calcium gluconate is used for treating calcium deficiencies, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
C: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not benzodiazepines.
In summary, Flumazenil is the appropriate choice to counter diazepam toxicity by antagonizing its effects on benzodiazepine receptors, while the other options are unrelated to managing benzodiazepine toxicity.
Vital Signs Day 1: Temperature 37.5° C (99.5° F), Heart rate 98/min, Respiratory rate 20/min, Blood pressure 180/86 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 95% on room air, Weight 90 kg (198 lb); 2 months later: Temperature 37.5° C (99.5° F), Heart rate 48/min, Respiratory rate 20/min, Blood pressure 140/76 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 97% on room air, Weight 91 kg (200 lb)
The nurse is evaluating the client's response to the medication. The client's ___________ and ____________ indicate the client's condition is improving.
- A. HDL Level
- B. Heart rate
- C. Potassium level
- D. Weight
- E. blood Pressure
Correct Answer: B, E
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Heart rate and E, Blood Pressure. Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure are vital signs that reflect the overall cardiovascular function and response to medication. An improvement in heart rate and blood pressure indicates better circulation and cardiac output, suggesting the client's condition is improving. The other choices (A, C, D) do not directly reflect the client's cardiovascular status and are not appropriate indicators of medication response. Weight (D) can fluctuate for various reasons, and HDL level (A) and Potassium level (C) are important but specific to different aspects of health. Thus, heart rate and blood pressure are the most relevant indicators in this context.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Hepatic enzymes process medications more rapidly.
- B. Gastric emptying rate increases.
- C. Brain receptors become less sensitive to medications.
- D. Renal excretion time slows for medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. This results in a slower excretion of medications from the body, leading to potential accumulation and increased risk of toxicity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as hepatic enzymes may actually decrease in function with age, gastric emptying rate tends to slow down, and brain receptors can become more sensitive rather than less sensitive to medications in older adults.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid. The nurse should review which of the following baseline laboratory values prior to administering the medication?
- A. Arterial blood gases
- B. Liver function tests
- C. Troponin levels
- D. Blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver function tests. Valproic acid is known to potentially cause hepatotoxicity, so it is essential to assess baseline liver function tests before administering the medication. Monitoring liver function tests can help identify any pre-existing liver conditions and prevent further liver damage. Arterial blood gases (A) are not directly related to valproic acid administration. Troponin levels (C) are used to assess heart muscle damage, which is not a concern with valproic acid. Blood glucose levels (D) are not specifically relevant to valproic acid therapy.