Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client with dumping syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should lie down after I eat my meals.
- B. I may experience weakness and dizziness.
- C. I should eat a low-fat, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
- D. I should eat small meals and avoid drinking fluids with my meals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dumping syndrome requires a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet to slow gastric emptying. Other statements are correct.
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The nurse is participating in a free community health screening with a group of student nurses. Which statement by a student nurse requires further teaching by the licensed nurse?
- A. Colorectal cancer screening should begin at age 50.
- B. Men should have a prostate-specific antigen test starting at age 55.
- C. High-density lipoprotein should be greater than 50 mg/dL for women.
- D. Risk factors for hypertension include being over age 60 and leading a sedentary lifestyle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prostate-specific antigen testing typically starts at age 50, not 55, for average-risk men. Other statements are accurate.
The nurse is planning dietary counseling for the client with chronic heart failure taking triamterene. The nurse plans to include which item in a list of foods that are acceptable?
- A. Bananas
- B. Oranges
- C. Baked potato
- D. Canned pears
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so high-potassium foods like bananas, oranges, and potatoes should be avoided. Canned pears are lower in potassium, making them acceptable.
The nurse is providing education at a senior center. Which of the following measures will the nurse say is most effective in attaining normal blood pressure in a client with hypertension?
- A. eating red meat daily
- B. increasing potassium and calcium intake
- C. increasing fluid intake
- D. decreasing sodium intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreasing sodium intake is the most effective dietary measure to manage hypertension, as sodium increases blood pressure. Red meat (A) may worsen it, potassium/calcium (B) is supportive but less impactful, and fluid intake (C) is not directly related.
The nurse is planning to teach a teenage client about sexuality. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Inform the teenager about the dangers of pregnancy.
- B. Establish a relationship and determine prior knowledge.
- C. Advise the teenager to maintain sexual abstinence until marriage.
- D. Provide written information about sexually transmitted infections.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step in effective communication is establishing a relationship. By exploring the client's interest and prior knowledge, rapport is established, and learning needs are assessed. The other options may or may not be later steps, depending on the data obtained.
The clinic nurse is providing instructions to a client in the third trimester of pregnancy regarding relief measures for heartburn. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Sip on milk or hot tea.
- B. Use antacids that contain sodium.
- C. Eat fatty foods once a day in the morning only.
- D. Eat three large meals a day rather than small, frequent meals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sipping on milk or hot tea can soothe the gastrointestinal tract and relieve heartburn. Antacids containing sodium should be avoided to prevent edema. Fatty foods should be avoided entirely, and small, frequent meals are recommended to reduce heartburn in pregnancy.