Nokea
A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother was taking methadone during her pregnancy, which of the following findings indicates the newborn is experiencing withdrawal?
- A. Bulging fontanels
- B. Acrocyanosis
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypertonicity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypertonicity. Newborns exposed to opioids in utero often exhibit symptoms of withdrawal, known as Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Hypertonicity, or increased muscle tone, is a common sign of NAS. This occurs due to the withdrawal effects of methadone on the central nervous system. Bulging fontanels (A) are not typically associated with NAS. Acrocyanosis (B) is a common finding in newborns and not specific to NAS. Bradycardia (C) refers to a slow heart rate and is not a typical sign of NAS.
You may also like to solve these questions
A sign specific to red blood cell destruction (hemolytic) anemia is:
- A. Jaundice
- B. Pica
- C. Anorexia
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Jaundice is the correct answer for red blood cell destruction anemia because it results from the breakdown of red blood cells, causing an increase in bilirubin levels. Jaundice presents as yellowing of the skin and eyes. Pica (eating non-food items), anorexia (loss of appetite), and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) are not specific signs of hemolytic anemia. Jaundice is a key indicator due to the excess bilirubin released from the destruction of red blood cells.
A 16-year-old with a chronic illness has recently become rebellious and is taking risks such as missing doses of his medication. What is the best explanation for this behavior?
- A. The child needs more discipline
- B. The child needs more socialization with peers
- C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior
- D. The child is demonstrating a need for more parental control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior. Adolescence is a period of identity formation, autonomy-seeking, and risk-taking. It is common for teenagers to rebel against authority figures, including parents and healthcare providers, as they strive for independence and self-discovery. This rebellious behavior, such as missing medication doses, can be a way for the teenager to assert control over their own life and make their own decisions. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this normal developmental stage and approach the situation with understanding and support rather than punitive measures.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: The child needing more discipline implies that the behavior is solely due to a lack of control or structure, which overlooks the developmental aspect of adolescence.
B: While socialization with peers is important, it may not address the underlying reasons for the rebellious behavior.
D: Imposing more parental control may exacerbate the rebellion and hinder the adolescent's autonomy development.
Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?
- A. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test
- B. It is necessary to be completely asleep during the test
- C. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour
- D. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight until after dinnertime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preschool children may not fully understand the importance of keeping still after cardiac catheterization. Keeping the leg straight helps prevent bleeding at the insertion site. Choice A is incorrect as postural drainage is not related to cardiac catheterization. Choice B is incorrect as sedation, not complete sleep, is usually used. Choice C is incorrect as the procedure can take longer than an hour.
What is the purpose of pediatric hospice?
- A. Provide pain relief so the child doesn't know they are dying
- B. Extend the dying process so the child and family can say goodbye
- C. Hasten the dying process to stop the suffering
- D. Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains. Pediatric hospice aims to provide comprehensive care to children with life-limiting illnesses, focusing on enhancing their quality of life through physical, emotional, and spiritual support. This approach prioritizes symptom management, comfort, and dignity for the child, ensuring they live as fully as possible until the end. Other choices are incorrect because A does not acknowledge the child's awareness, B may not align with the child's wishes, and C goes against the ethical principles of hospice care.
An 18-month-old patient with Down's Syndrome has a history of mild pulmonary hypertension which requires a daily dose of Furosemide (Lasix). The mother is questioning if the new dose is correct after an adjustment at the child's last Cardiology visit. The child weighs 22 pounds and the dosing for furosemide (Lasix) for this child 2mg/kg/dose. What is the appropriate dose of Furosemide Lasix for this child?
- A. 44 mg/dose
- B. 28 mg/dose
- C. 20 mg/dose
- D. 10 mg/dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct dose of Furosemide (Lasix) for this child is 20 mg/dose. To calculate the appropriate dose, we first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms (22 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg). Then, we multiply the weight by the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg (10 kg x 2 mg/kg = 20 mg/dose). This calculation ensures proper dosing based on the child's weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct dosage calculation based on the child's weight.