Nursing Pharmacology Drug Classification

Nursing Pharmacology Drug Classification Related

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A nurse is caring for a patient taking multiple drugs and is concerned about a possible drug-drug interaction. What is the nurse's first and best means of avoiding this problem?

  • A. Consult a drug guide.
  • B. Call the pharmacist.
  • C. Contact the provider.
  • D. Ask another nurse.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Whenever two or more drugs are being given together, first consult a drug guide for a listing of clinically significant drug-drug interactions. Sometimes problems can be avoided by staggering the administration of the drugs or adjusting their dosages. Consulting the pharmacist is not wrong, but it would not be the first action to take. The nurse holds responsibility for his or her own practice so asking a health care provider or another nurse is based on the assumption that that professional is knowledgeable about all drug-drug interactions, which is likely not the case.

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving a drug by the intramuscular route but will receive the drug orally after discharge. How does the nurse explain the increased dosage prescribed for the oral dose?

  • A. Passive diffusion
  • B. Active transport
  • C. Glomerular filtration
  • D. First-pass effect
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The first-pass effect involves drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. After reaching the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites, which may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for the phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule.

A nurse is teaching a school-age child and his parents about a new prescription for Lisdexamfetamine. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select one that does not apply.)

  • A. An adverse effect of this medication is CNS stimulation.
  • B. Administer the medication before bedtime.
  • C. Monitor blood pressure while taking this medication.
  • D. Increased dopamine leads to more activity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CNS stimulation , BP monitoring , and dopamine increase are key; it's taken in the morning, not bedtime.

Factors that facilitate keeping patient information confidential in an electronic health record (EHR) system include:

  • A. Designing software so that only those who need the information can gain access
  • B. Requiring providers to log off at the end of the clinical day
  • C. Keeping a file of the login and password information for each provider in a secure place
  • D. Having patients sign informed consent documents to have their data on an EHR
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Restricted access software enhances EHR confidentiality.

A patient presents with a complaint of dark stools and epigastric pain described as gnawing and burning. Which of the medications is the most likely cause?

  • A. Acetaminophen
  • B. Estradiol
  • C. Donepezil
  • D. Bethanechol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bethanechol increases gastric acid, potentially causing gastritis or ulcers.

What medication is most likely to cause his weight gain?

  • A. Acarbose
  • B. Exenatide
  • C. Glyburide
  • D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pioglitazone is most likely to cause weight gain due to fluid retention and fat accumulation.

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