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A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for prednisone?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hypotension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Weight gain. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, commonly causes weight gain due to fluid retention and increased appetite. The rationale for this is that prednisone can alter metabolism, leading to redistribution of body fat and increased retention of sodium and water. Monitoring for weight gain is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication and to prevent complications such as edema and hypertension.
Regarding the other choices:
A: Hypoglycemia - Prednisone typically causes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
C: Hypotension - Prednisone can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, not hypotension.
D: Bradycardia - Prednisone does not commonly cause bradycardia; it can actually lead to an increased heart rate.
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A nurse is caring for a patient receiving epidural analgesia for pain during labor. Which of the following observations should be the nurse's priority? Which observation is the priority for epidural analgesia?
- A. The patient's blood pressure is 80/56 mm Hg.
- B. The patient reports lower extremity weakness.
- C. The patient's temperature is 38.2°C (100.8 F).
- D. The patient reports severe itching.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient's blood pressure is 80/56 mm Hg. This is the priority observation because hypotension is a common side effect of epidural analgesia, which can lead to decreased perfusion and compromise fetal well-being. Lower extremity weakness (B) is expected due to the effect of the epidural. Temperature elevation (C) can be due to various factors unrelated to the epidural. Severe itching (D) can be a side effect but is not life-threatening like hypotension.
A nurse is instructing a patient who has just been prescribed bumetanide. What should the nurse include in the instructions? What should the nurse include in bumetanide instructions?
- A. Take the prescribed second dose at nighttime.
- B. Limit your fluid intake to no more than 1.5 L a day.
- C. Report any changes in hearing.
- D. Avoid foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report any changes in hearing. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that can cause ototoxicity, leading to changes in hearing. Instructing the patient to report any changes in hearing is crucial to monitor for potential adverse effects. Choice A is incorrect as bumetanide is usually taken once daily in the morning to prevent nocturia. Choice B is incorrect as the patient may need to increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Choice D is incorrect as bumetanide can lead to hypokalemia, so foods high in potassium may be beneficial.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a bowel resection. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Which finding post-bowel resection should the nurse report?
- A. Soft, formed stools
- B. Abdominal distension
- C. Mild incisional pain
- D. Nausea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Abdominal distension. This finding could indicate a possible complication such as bowel obstruction or ileus post-bowel resection. The nurse should report this symptom promptly to the provider for further evaluation and intervention to prevent potential complications. Soft, formed stools (A) are expected after bowel resection, indicating bowel function is returning. Mild incisional pain (C) is common postoperatively and can be managed with pain medication. Nausea (D) can also be common after surgery but may require monitoring if persistent or severe. There are no additional choices provided, but it is essential for the nurse to prioritize reporting any unusual or concerning findings to ensure the patient's safety and well-being.
A patient with a history of migraines is at the clinic complaining of a throbbing headache. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in the assessment? Which question should the nurse ask for migraine assessment?
- A. Have you experienced any nausea or vomiting with your headache?
- B. Are the lights in this room bothering you?
- C. Have you noticed any confusion or clouded thinking?
- D. Did you feel weak before the headache started or do you feel weak now?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Have you experienced any nausea or vomiting with your headache?" This question is crucial in assessing migraines as nausea and vomiting are common accompanying symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are associated with activation of the autonomic nervous system during migraines. The other options are not as directly related to migraines. B is more relevant to light sensitivity in migraines, C is more related to confusion or cognitive symptoms, and D is more focused on weakness, which are not typically primary symptoms of migraines.
A nurse is preparing to administer furosemide 40 mg IV. Available is furosemide 10 mg/1 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? How many mL of furosemide should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: The correct answer is 4 mL. To determine this, the nurse uses the formula: Desired dose (40 mg) ÷ Stock strength (10 mg/1 mL) = mL to administer. Thus, 40 mg ÷ 10 mg/1 mL = 4 mL. This calculation ensures the proper dosage is given. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct dosage calculation based on the given information.