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A nurse is caring for a patient who has allergic rhinitis. What intervention would be most likely to help the patient meet the goal of improved breathing pattern?
- A. Teach the patient to take deep breaths and cough frequently.
- B. Use antihistamines daily throughout the year.
- C. Teach the patient to seek medical attention at the first sign of an allergic reaction.
- D. Modify the environment to reduce the severity of allergic symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a condition characterized by inflammation in the nasal passages triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Modifying the patient's environment to reduce exposure to these allergens can significantly help improve the breathing pattern in patients with allergic rhinitis. This can include measures such as using air purifiers, keeping indoor humidity levels low, avoiding exposure to pollen by keeping windows closed during peak seasons, and regularly cleaning bedding to reduce dust mites.
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A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with AIDS. A friend comes to visit the patient and privately asks the nurse about the risk of contracting HIV when visiting the patient. What is the nurses best response?
- A. Do you think that you might already have HIV?
- B. Dont worry. Your immune system is likely very healthy.
- C. AIDS isnt transmitted by casual contact.
- D. You cant contract AIDS in a hospital setting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's best response is option C - "AIDS isn't transmitted by casual contact." This response is accurate and provides the necessary information to address the friend's concern. It is important to educate the friend that HIV/AIDS is not transmitted through casual contact such as visiting a patient in the hospital. By stating this fact clearly, the nurse can help alleviate any unfounded fears or misconceptions the friend may have about contracting HIV while visiting the patient. This response promotes understanding and helps reduce stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, while also emphasizing the importance of accurate information in preventing the spread of the virus.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patients subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patients bedside.
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently.
- C. Assign male nurses to the patients care whenever possible.
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient undergoing interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR) for prostate cancer will emit radiation that poses a risk to others. Limiting the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside is essential to minimize their exposure to radiation. It is important to follow safety measures to protect both the patient and others from potential harm. Other options such as teaching the patient to perform basic care independently, assigning male nurses, or situating the patient in a shared room with other brachytherapy patients do not directly address the safety concern of radiation exposure to visitors.
The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?
- A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
- B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
- C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
- D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a serious health concern that can have life-threatening consequences if not managed properly. It is important for the nurse to educate the family that food allergies are typically life-long conditions and cannot be fully cured. While some children may outgrow certain food allergies over time, it is not guaranteed for all cases. Therefore, the focus should be on effectively managing the allergy through avoidance of trigger foods, carrying emergency medications like epinephrine auto-injectors, and being prepared to respond to allergic reactions. Adjusting to the necessary lifestyle changes, such as reading food labels, informing others about the child's allergies, and being vigilant about potential allergen exposure, is essential for ensuring the child's safety and well-being. Consistent monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are also crucial components of managing food allergies on a long-term basis.
A female patient tells the nurse that she thinks she has a vaginal infection because she has noted inflammation of her vulva and the presence of a frothy, yellow-green discharge. The nurse recognizes that the clinical manifestations described are typical of what vaginal infection?
- A. Trichomonas vaginalis
- B. Candidiasis
- C. Gardnerella
- D. Gonorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical manifestations of inflammation of the vulva and the presence of frothy, yellow-green discharge are indicative of a vaginal infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan parasite. It commonly presents with symptoms such as frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, inflammation of the vulva, and sometimes a foul odor. Testing for Trichomonas vaginalis can be done through microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge or through nucleic acid amplification tests. Treatment usually involves the use of antibiotics such as metronidazole or tinidazole. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat trichomoniasis to prevent complications and further transmission.
A nurse is explaining to the nursing students working on the antepartum unit how to assess for edema. Which edema assessment score indicates edema of the lower extremities, face, hands, and sacral area? N R I G B.C M U S N T O
- A. +1
- B. +2
- C. +3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edema of the extremities, face, and sacral area is classified as +3 edema. Edema classified as
+1 indicates minimal edema of the lower extremities. Marked edema of the lower extremities
is +2 edema. Generalized massive edema (+4) includes the accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity.