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A nurse is caring for a patient who has allergic rhinitis. What intervention would be most likely to help the patient meet the goal of improved breathing pattern?
- A. Teach the patient to take deep breaths and cough frequently.
- B. Use antihistamines daily throughout the year.
- C. Teach the patient to seek medical attention at the first sign of an allergic reaction.
- D. Modify the environment to reduce the severity of allergic symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a condition characterized by inflammation in the nasal passages triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Modifying the patient's environment to reduce exposure to these allergens can significantly help improve the breathing pattern in patients with allergic rhinitis. This can include measures such as using air purifiers, keeping indoor humidity levels low, avoiding exposure to pollen by keeping windows closed during peak seasons, and regularly cleaning bedding to reduce dust mites.
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An uncircumcised 78-year-old male has presented at the clinic complaining that he cannot retract his foreskin over his glans. On examination, it is noted that the foreskin is very constricted. The nurse should recognize the presence of what health problem?
- A. Bowens disease
- B. Peyronies disease
- C. Phimosis
- D. Priapism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is tight and cannot be retracted over the glans. It can occur in uncircumcised males, like the 78-year-old male in this scenario. Phimosis may lead to difficulty with hygiene, pain during sexual activity, and an increased risk of infections. Treatment may involve conservative measures such as topical corticosteroids or, in severe cases, surgical intervention like circumcision to alleviate the tightness of the foreskin.
A patient with chronic open-angle glaucoma is being taught to self-administer pilocarpine. After the patient administers the pilocarpine, the patient states that her vision is blurred. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Holding the next dose and notifying the physician
- B. Treating the patient for an allergic reaction
- C. Suggesting that the patient put on her glasses
- D. Explaining that this is an expected adverse effect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blurred vision is a common adverse effect of pilocarpine, a miotic agent commonly used for open-angle glaucoma. It occurs due to the constriction of the pupil, which can affect the patient's ability to focus clearly. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to explain to the patient that blurred vision is an expected adverse effect of the medication. This reassurance can help alleviate the patient's concerns and improve their understanding of the medication therapy. Holding the next dose and notifying the physician is not necessary in this situation as blurred vision is a known side effect and treating the patient for an allergic reaction or suggesting that the patient put on her glasses would not address the underlying cause of the blurred vision.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patients subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patients bedside.
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently.
- C. Assign male nurses to the patients care whenever possible.
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient undergoing interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR) for prostate cancer will emit radiation that poses a risk to others. Limiting the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside is essential to minimize their exposure to radiation. It is important to follow safety measures to protect both the patient and others from potential harm. Other options such as teaching the patient to perform basic care independently, assigning male nurses, or situating the patient in a shared room with other brachytherapy patients do not directly address the safety concern of radiation exposure to visitors.
The priority nursing intervention when admitting a pregnant patient who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy is to
- A. monitor uterine contractions.
- B. assess fetal heart rate and maternal vital signs.
- C. place clean disposable pads to collect any drainage.
- D. perform a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When admitting a pregnant patient who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy, the top priority nursing intervention is to assess fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal vital signs. This assessment will help the nurse determine the extent of the blood loss and its impact on both the mother and the fetus. Monitoring uterine contractions is important as well, but not the priority in this situation. Placing clean disposable pads to collect any drainage is important for ongoing assessment and management but can be done after assessing the FHR and vital signs. Performing a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is necessary for further evaluation but can be done after the initial assessment of FHR and vital signs. Checking the patient and fetal well-being is crucial in situations of bleeding in late pregnancy to ensure timely and appropriate intervention.
The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?
- A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
- B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
- C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
- D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a serious health concern that can have life-threatening consequences if not managed properly. It is important for the nurse to educate the family that food allergies are typically life-long conditions and cannot be fully cured. While some children may outgrow certain food allergies over time, it is not guaranteed for all cases. Therefore, the focus should be on effectively managing the allergy through avoidance of trigger foods, carrying emergency medications like epinephrine auto-injectors, and being prepared to respond to allergic reactions. Adjusting to the necessary lifestyle changes, such as reading food labels, informing others about the child's allergies, and being vigilant about potential allergen exposure, is essential for ensuring the child's safety and well-being. Consistent monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are also crucial components of managing food allergies on a long-term basis.