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A nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with traumatic injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. While hospitalized, the patient's spouse tells the patient that their house flooded, damaging their belongings. When the nurse notes that the patient is visibly upset by this news, the nurse suggests which type of counseling?
- A. Long-term developmental
- B. Short-term situational
- C. Short-term motivational
- D. Long-term motivational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short-term counseling might be used during a situational crisis, which occurs when a patient faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in life, such as a flood. Long-term counseling extends over a prolonged period; a patient experiencing a developmental crisis, for example, might need long-term counseling. Motivational interviewing is an evidence-based counseling approach that involves discussing feelings and incentives with the patient.
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A nurse is teaching first aid to counselors of a summer camp for children with asthma. This is an example of what aim of health teaching?
- A. Promoting health
- B. Preventing illness
- C. Restoring health
- D. Facilitating coping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching first aid is a function of the goal to prevent illness. Promoting health involves helping patients to value health and develop specific health practices that promote and maintain wellness. Restoring health occurs once a patient is ill, and teaching focuses on developing self-care practices that promote recovery. When facilitating coping, nurses help patients come to terms with whatever lifestyle modification is needed for their recovery or to enable them to cope with permanent health alterations.
A registered nurse acts as nurse coach to provide teaching to patients who are recovering from a stroke. Which statement directs the nurse in performing this role?
- A. The nurse uses discovery to identify the patients' personal goals and create a plan that will result in change.
- B. The nurse is the expert in providing teaching and education strategies to provide dietary and activity modifications.
- C. The nurse becomes a mentor to the patients and encourages them to create their own fitness programs.
- D. The nurse assumes an authoritative role to design the structure of the coaching session and support the achievement of patient goals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nurse coach establishes a partnership with a patient and, using discovery, facilitates the identification of the patient's personal goals and agenda to lead to change rather than using teaching and education strategies with the nurse as the expert. A nurse coach explores the patient's readiness for coaching, designs the structure of a coaching session, supports the achievement of the patient's desired goals, and with the patient determines how to evaluate the attainment of patient goals.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a patient with asthma on the use of an inhaler. What teaching method is most appropriate for this patient?
- A. Demonstration
- B. Lecture
- C. Discovery
- D. Panel session
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Demonstration of techniques, procedures, exercises, and the use of special equipment is an effective patient-teaching strategy for a skill. Lecture can be used to deliver information to a large group of patients but is more effective when the session is interactive; it is rarely used for individual instruction, except in combination with other strategies. Discovery is a good method for teaching problem-solving techniques and independent thinking. Panel discussions can be used to impart factual material but are also effective for sharing experiences and emotions.
A nurse in the diabetes clinic initiates education for a patient with a new diagnosis of diabetes. The nurse notes the patient has completed 2 years of college. What action does the nurse select for the initial teaching session?
- A. Providing the patient with handouts related to blood-glucose management
- B. Demonstrating the use of the blood-glucose monitor and tool to record blood-glucose readings
- C. Assessing the patient's knowledge of diabetes and their ability to interpret the health information
- D. Explaining the dietary restrictions including foods that are prohibited
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient's baseline knowledge and health literacy is critical before initiating education, especially for a patient with some college education, to tailor the teaching to their needs and avoid redundant or overly simplistic information.
A nurse is planning teaching strategies in the affective domain of learning for patients with alcohol use disorders. Which teaching-learning activities will the nurse use? Select all that apply.
- A. Preparing a lecture on the harmful long-term effects of alcohol on the body
- B. Asking the patient to discuss reasons people with alcohol use disorders drink and exploring other methods of coping with problems
- C. Requesting that patients perform a return demonstration for using relaxation exercises to relieve stress
- D. Helping patients to reaffirm their feelings of self-worth and relate this to their alcohol use disorder
- E. Using a pamphlet to discuss the tenets of the Alcoholics Anonymous program with patients
- F. Reinforcing the mental benefits of gaining self-control over a substance use disorder
Correct Answer: B,D,F
Rationale: Affective learning includes changes in attitudes, values, and feelings (e.g., the patient expresses renewed self-confidence to be able to give up drinking). Cognitive learning involves the storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain, such as the learning that occurs during a lecture or by using a pamphlet for teaching. Learning a physical skill involving the integration of mental and muscular activity is called psychomotor learning, which may involve a return demonstration of a skill.