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A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a knee arthroscopy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Which action should the nurse take post-knee arthroscopy?
- A. Apply a warm compress to the surgical site.
- B. Keep the leg in a dependent position.
- C. Encourage weight-bearing immediately.
- D. Elevate the affected leg.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action is to elevate the affected leg post-knee arthroscopy. Elevating the leg helps reduce swelling and promote circulation, aiding in the healing process. Keeping the leg in a dependent position (choice B) can increase swelling. Applying a warm compress (choice A) may also increase swelling. Encouraging weight-bearing immediately (choice C) can put stress on the surgical site and delay healing. Thus, elevating the affected leg is the most appropriate action in this scenario.
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A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a patient who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and a blood glucose level of 925 mg/dL. What prescription should the nurse anticipate from the provider? What prescription should the nurse anticipate for DKA?
- A. Glucocorticoid medications.
- B. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride.
- C. Oral hypoglycemic medications.
- D. 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus. In DKA, the primary concern is severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to high blood glucose levels. 0.9% sodium chloride helps to rehydrate the patient and correct electrolyte imbalances. Glucocorticoids (A) are not typically used in the treatment of DKA. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (B) would worsen hyperglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic medications (C) are not appropriate for managing acute DKA. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate the prescription of 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus to address the immediate needs of the patient with DKA.
A nurse is about to administer a daily dose of potassium chloride 20 mEq suspension orally. The available amount is potassium chloride suspension 10 mEq/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? How many mL of potassium chloride should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: To determine the amount of suspension needed, divide the desired dose (20 mEq) by the concentration (10 mEq/mL). 20 mEq ÷ 10 mEq/mL = 2 mL. This calculates the correct amount of 2 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not follow this calculation, leading to inaccurate dosing.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for alendronate?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
- B. Take the medication at bedtime.
- C. Remain upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remain upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis. It can cause esophageal irritation, so the patient must remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it to prevent reflux and irritation. Taking it with a full glass of milk (A) or with food (D) can decrease its absorption. Taking it at bedtime (B) may increase the risk of esophageal irritation if the patient lies down too soon. The other choices are not relevant to the specific instructions needed for alendronate.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for sertraline. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for sertraline?
- A. Take the medication at bedtime.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Avoid driving for the first week.
- D. Report any weight loss.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take the medication at bedtime. Sertraline is an antidepressant that is commonly prescribed to be taken in the evening or at bedtime because it can cause drowsiness. This timing helps minimize potential side effects such as dizziness or drowsiness during waking hours. Taking it at bedtime also helps with patient compliance. Choice B is incorrect because sertraline can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific need to avoid driving only for the first week. Choice D is incorrect because weight loss is not a common side effect of sertraline and does not need to be reported.
A nurse is educating a patient with binge eating disorder and morbid obesity who has been prescribed orlistat. Which of the following statements, if made by the patient, would indicate that they understand the teaching? Which statement indicates understanding of orlistat teaching?
- A. I will stop taking orlistat and call my doctor if my urine gets darker in color.
- B. I will take my dose of orlistat every morning an hour before breakfast.
- C. I will feel less hungry during meals while I am taking orlistat.
- D. I will eat a no-fat diet to prevent side effects from the medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will stop taking orlistat and call my doctor if my urine gets darker in color." This statement indicates understanding because dark urine could indicate a potentially serious side effect of orlistat, such as liver problems. Stopping the medication and seeking medical advice in such a situation is crucial for the patient's safety.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Taking orlistat with a meal containing fat is recommended, not on an empty stomach before breakfast.
C: Orlistat does not suppress appetite; it works by blocking the absorption of fat in the intestine.
D: While reducing fat intake is recommended to decrease side effects, a no-fat diet is not necessary and could lead to nutrient deficiencies.
E, F, G: No additional choices provided.