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A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent hip dislocation? Which action prevents hip dislocation post-arthroplasty?
- A. Place the patient in high Fowler's position.
- B. Keep the patient's legs in adduction.
- C. Place a pillow between the patient's legs.
- D. Encourage the patient to flex the hip to 120 degrees.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C: Place a pillow between the patient's legs.
Rationale: Placing a pillow between the patient's legs helps maintain proper alignment and prevents the hip from dislocating by keeping the legs in abduction. This position reduces the risk of internal rotation and adduction, which are common movements that can lead to hip dislocation post-arthroplasty.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Placing the patient in high Fowler's position does not directly address hip dislocation prevention.
B: Keeping the patient's legs in adduction increases the risk of hip dislocation.
D: Encouraging the patient to flex the hip to 120 degrees can also increase the risk of hip dislocation by placing stress on the hip joint.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for enalapril?
- A. Dry cough
- B. Weight loss
- C. Tinnitus
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor commonly associated with a side effect of a persistent dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels. The nurse should monitor the patient for this adverse effect as it can indicate drug intolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as weight loss, tinnitus, and hypoglycemia are not commonly associated with enalapril use. Weight gain may be more common due to fluid retention, tinnitus is not a known side effect, and hypoglycemia is not typically linked with enalapril.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has benign prostatic hypertrophy and is taking tamsulosin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Which adverse effect of tamsulosin should the nurse monitor?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. Weight loss
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthostatic hypotension. Tamsulosin, an alpha-blocker, can cause relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels leading to a drop in blood pressure upon standing, resulting in orthostatic hypotension. The nurse should monitor the patient for symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting when changing positions. Diarrhea (choice A), weight loss (choice C), and tinnitus (choice D) are not commonly associated with tamsulosin use. It is crucial for the nurse to understand the pharmacological effects of tamsulosin to provide safe and effective care for the patient.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of heart failure and is receiving furosemide. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor? Which lab result should the nurse monitor for furosemide?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum calcium
- C. Serum magnesium
- D. Serum sodium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias in a patient with a history of heart failure. Serum calcium (B) and magnesium (C) are not directly affected by furosemide use. Serum sodium (D) monitoring is important for other conditions but not specific to furosemide therapy in this case.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for prednisone?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hypotension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Weight gain. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, commonly causes weight gain due to fluid retention and increased appetite. The rationale for this is that prednisone can alter metabolism, leading to redistribution of body fat and increased retention of sodium and water. Monitoring for weight gain is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication and to prevent complications such as edema and hypertension.
Regarding the other choices:
A: Hypoglycemia - Prednisone typically causes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
C: Hypotension - Prednisone can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, not hypotension.
D: Bradycardia - Prednisone does not commonly cause bradycardia; it can actually lead to an increased heart rate.
A nurse is providing dietary education for a patient who has a new prescription for a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which items in the patient's sample lunch menu would require intervention by the nurse? Which lunch menu item requires intervention for MAOI?
- A. Celery sticks
- B. Sliced apples
- C. Bologna sandwich
- D. Glass of whole milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bologna sandwich. MAOIs interact with tyramine, which can lead to a hypertensive crisis. Bologna is a high-tyramine food that can cause this reaction. Celery, apples, and milk are low in tyramine and safe to consume with MAOIs. Therefore, the bologna sandwich requires intervention to prevent potential adverse effects.