Nokea
A nurse is caring for a patient who is supposed to receive two drugs at the same time. What is the nurses priority action?
- A. Wash her hands before handling the medications.
- B. Consult a drug guide for compatibility.
- C. Question the patient concerning drug allergies.
- D. Identify the patient by checking the armband and asking the patient to state his name.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nurse should first consult a drug guide for compatibility when two or more drugs are being given at the same time. After compatibility is determined the medication can be administered. The nurse will perform hand hygiene, check for patient allergies, and ensure the right patient receives the medication by using two identifiers.
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An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient's medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
As an antacid, sodium bicarbonate has the following disadvantages EXCEPT:
- A. It causes acid rebound
- B. In ulcer patients, it increases risk of perforation
- C. It has low acid neutralizing capacity
- D. It is contraindicated in CHF
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate has high acid-neutralizing capacity, but it causes acid rebound, risks perforation in ulcers due to gas production, and is contraindicated in CHF due to sodium load.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for Clonidine to assist with maintenance of abstinence from opioids. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Insomnia
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clonidine commonly causes dry mouth due to its anticholinergic effects.
Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin because they:
- A. Increase blood glucose levels
- B. Produce unexplained diaphoresis
- C. Interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize glucose
- D. Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol mask hypoglycemia symptoms (e.g., tachycardia), complicating detection.
Not an antidepressant
- A. Amitryptilline
- B. Fluoxetin
- C. Trazodone
- D. Pimozide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pimozide is an antipsychotic, not an antidepressant.