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A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?
- A. metronidazole (anti-protozoal)
- B. penicillin G (antibiotic)
- C. clotrimazole (antifungal)
- D. ampicillin (antibiotic)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC by inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Metronidazole (choice A) is an anti-protozoal agent used for parasitic infections, not fungal infections. Penicillin G (choice B) and ampicillin (choice D) are both antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse would expect to teach the patient about using clotrimazole to treat VVC.
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The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?
- A. Radiation
- B. Adjuvant systemic therapy
- C. Hormonal therapy
- D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy is typically used after lumpectomy to treat early-stage breast cancer.
Which body part both protects the pelvic structures and accommodates the growing fetus during pregnancy?
- A. Perineum
- B. Bony pelvis
- C. Vaginal vestibule
- D. Fourchette
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The bony pelvis provides protection and support for the growing fetus during pregnancy.
A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. Step 1: E. coli is the most common causative agent of pyelonephritis due to its ability to ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. Step 2: E. coli is a common bacteria found in the gut and can easily infect the urinary tract. Step 3: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Candida albicans are not commonly associated with pyelonephritis. Thus, the correct choice is A.
A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?
- A. metronidazole (anti-protozoal)
- B. penicillin G (antibiotic)
- C. clotrimazole (antifungal)
- D. ampicillin (antibiotic)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC. It works by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungus. Metronidazole (A) is an anti-protozoal used for treating infections like trichomoniasis, not VVC. Penicillin G (B) and ampicillin (D) are antibiotics used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse should expect to teach the patient about clotrimazole for VVC treatment.
In which step of the nursing process does the nurse determine the appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis?
- A. Planning
- B. Evaluation
- C. Assessment
- D. Intervention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the nursing process, planning is the step where the nurse determines the appropriate interventions for the identified nursing diagnosis. Firstly, after assessing the patient's needs (Assessment), the nurse analyzes the data to identify nursing diagnoses. Next, in the Planning step, the nurse sets goals, establishes priorities, and decides on specific interventions to address the nursing diagnoses. This step involves developing a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual patient's needs. Evaluation comes after the interventions are implemented to assess the effectiveness of the care provided. The Intervention step involves carrying out the planned interventions. Thus, the correct answer is A: Planning.