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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following signs of exacerbation?
- A. Increased sputum production and shortness of breath.
- B. Improved oxygen saturation.
- C. Increased energy levels.
- D. Decreased respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because increased sputum production and shortness of breath are classic signs of exacerbation in COPD. This indicates worsening airflow limitation and potential respiratory distress. Monitoring these signs helps in early intervention and preventing further complications.
B: Improved oxygen saturation is not a sign of exacerbation in COPD. It would actually suggest improvement in the patient's condition.
C: Increased energy levels are not typical signs of exacerbation in COPD. Patients usually experience fatigue and weakness during exacerbations.
D: Decreased respiratory rate is not indicative of exacerbation in COPD. It could be a sign of respiratory depression or sedation, but not exacerbation.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a knee replacement. The nurse should monitor for signs of which of the following complications?
- A. Pulmonary embolism.
- B. Gastrointestinal bleeding.
- C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- D. Hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). After knee replacement surgery, the patient is at a higher risk for developing DVT due to immobility and altered blood flow. Monitoring for signs such as calf pain, swelling, and redness is crucial to prevent complications like pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism (Choice A) is a potential complication of untreated DVT. Gastrointestinal bleeding (Choice B) is not directly related to knee replacement surgery. Hypoglycemia (Choice D) is not a common complication post-knee replacement. Monitoring for DVT is essential in preventing life-threatening complications for the patient.
Expecting that all Chinese persons believe in the hot"“cold theory of health and illness is an example of:
- A. critical cultural perspective.
- B. culturalism.
- C. ethnic practice.
- D. ethnicity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: culturalism. This is because culturalism refers to the belief that all members of a culture share the same beliefs or practices. Expecting all Chinese persons to believe in the hot-cold theory is an example of culturalism as it assumes a homogenous perspective within the Chinese culture.
A: A critical cultural perspective would involve questioning and analyzing cultural beliefs and practices rather than assuming they are universal.
C: Ethnic practice refers to specific customs or traditions within a particular ethnic group, not a general belief system like the hot-cold theory.
D: Ethnicity refers to one's cultural background or heritage, but it does not address the assumption of shared beliefs within a culture.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing their condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose regularly.
- B. I can stop taking my insulin when my blood glucose is normal.
- C. I should only use my insulin when I feel symptoms of high blood sugar.
- D. I will eat sugary foods if I feel tired or weak.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will monitor my blood glucose regularly." This statement shows proper understanding as monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for managing diabetes effectively. Regular monitoring helps the patient track their blood sugar levels and make informed decisions about medication, diet, and lifestyle.
Incorrect choices:
B: Stopping insulin when blood glucose is normal can lead to dangerous complications.
C: Using insulin only when symptoms of high blood sugar are present is not a safe or effective approach.
D: Eating sugary foods when feeling tired or weak can cause blood sugar spikes and worsen diabetes control.
In summary, choice A is correct because it reflects the importance of consistent blood glucose monitoring in diabetes management, while the other choices suggest potentially harmful misconceptions.
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is experiencing hypoglycemia. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Administering insulin.
- B. Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate.
- C. Administering an oral hypoglycemic agent.
- D. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate. In hypoglycemia, the priority is to quickly raise the patient's blood sugar levels to prevent potential complications like seizures or loss of consciousness. Fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets or juice, can rapidly increase blood sugar levels. Administering insulin (A) would further lower blood sugar levels, worsening the situation. Administering an oral hypoglycemic agent (C) is not appropriate in an acute hypoglycemic episode. Monitoring blood pressure (D) is important but not the priority in this situation.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of stroke. The nurse should monitor the patient for signs of:
- A. Pulmonary embolism.
- B. Atrial fibrillation.
- C. Chronic kidney disease.
- D. Sepsis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Atrial fibrillation. Patients with a history of stroke are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, a common cause of ischemic stroke. Monitoring for signs of atrial fibrillation such as irregular heartbeat, palpitations, dizziness, and chest discomfort is crucial for early detection and prevention of recurrent strokes. Pulmonary embolism (A), chronic kidney disease (C), and sepsis (D) are not directly associated with a history of stroke and would not be the primary focus of monitoring in this case.