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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of hypertension. The nurse should educate the patient to avoid which of the following?
- A. Increasing potassium intake.
- B. Consuming more fruits and vegetables.
- C. Limiting sodium intake.
- D. Increasing caffeine consumption.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increasing caffeine consumption. Caffeine can potentially raise blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. The rationale is that caffeine is a stimulant that can lead to temporary spikes in blood pressure. This can be harmful for patients with a history of hypertension as it can exacerbate their condition.
A: Increasing potassium intake is generally recommended for individuals with hypertension as it can help lower blood pressure.
B: Consuming more fruits and vegetables is also beneficial for hypertension due to their high fiber and nutrient content.
C: Limiting sodium intake is crucial for managing hypertension as high sodium levels can lead to increased blood pressure.
In summary, increasing caffeine consumption is the correct answer to avoid for patients with hypertension, as it can potentially worsen their condition by raising blood pressure.
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Critical thinking in the expert nurse is greatly enhanced by opportunities to:
- A. apply theory in real situations.
- B. work with physicians to provide patient care.
- C. follow physician orders in providing patient care.
- D. develop nursing diagnoses for commonly occurring illnesses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because applying theory in real situations allows nurses to analyze, evaluate, and problem-solve effectively. This promotes critical thinking by integrating knowledge into practice. Working with physicians (B) and following orders (C) do not directly enhance critical thinking as they focus more on collaboration and task completion. Developing nursing diagnoses (D) is important but does not specifically target critical thinking skills like applying theory does.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a stroke. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Severe headache
- B. Dehydration
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Sudden loss of vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory depression. After a stroke, the patient may experience impaired breathing due to neurological damage affecting the respiratory center in the brain. Monitoring for signs of respiratory depression, such as shallow breathing or decreased oxygen saturation, is crucial to prevent respiratory failure. Severe headache (A) may be a symptom of stroke but is not the highest priority for monitoring. Dehydration (B) is important to prevent but not typically a direct consequence of stroke. Sudden loss of vision (D) may occur with certain types of strokes but is not as critical to monitor as respiratory depression.
The public's concept of health has changed since the 1950s. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this change?
- A. Lifestyle, personal habits, exercise, and nutrition are essential to health.
- B. Assessment of health is critical to identifying disease-causing pathogens.
- C. Accurate diagnosis and treatment by a physician are essential for all health care.
- D. An individual is considered healthy when signs and symptoms of disease have been eliminated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects the shift towards a holistic view of health focusing on preventive measures and lifestyle choices. In the 1950s, the emphasis was more on treating diseases rather than preventing them through healthy habits. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on identifying pathogens, not overall health. Choice C is incorrect because it emphasizes physician-centered healthcare rather than individual responsibility. Choice D is incorrect as it only considers the absence of symptoms, not overall well-being. Therefore, A is the best choice as it aligns with the modern understanding of health promotion and disease prevention.
A nurse is assessing a patient who is post-operative following abdominal surgery. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Administering pain medication as needed.
- B. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises.
- C. Monitoring for signs of infection.
- D. Providing wound care and dressing changes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because deep breathing and coughing exercises help prevent complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia after abdominal surgery. By promoting lung expansion and clearing secretions, these exercises enhance oxygenation and prevent respiratory issues. Administering pain medication (A) is important but not the priority. Monitoring for infection (C) and providing wound care (D) are also crucial but come after ensuring respiratory function.
Which of the following would be included in a total health database for a well person?
- A. Nursing goals for the patient
- B. Anticipated growth and development patterns
- C. A patient's perception of his or her health status
- D. The nurse's perception of disease as related to this patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A patient's perception of his or her health status. In a total health database for a well person, it is important to include the patient's own perception of their health status as it provides valuable insights into their overall well-being and can help detect any potential health issues early on. This information is crucial for preventive care and promoting a patient-centered approach to healthcare.
A: Nursing goals for the patient - This information would be relevant for a patient with specific health goals or conditions but not necessarily for a well person.
B: Anticipated growth and development patterns - This information is more relevant for pediatric or adolescent populations rather than for a well adult.
D: The nurse's perception of disease as related to this patient - The nurse's perception is subjective and not as valuable as the patient's own perception in understanding their health status.