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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of myocardial infarction. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Administering pain medication.
- B. Monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- C. Encouraging deep breathing exercises.
- D. Providing nutritional education.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation. This is the priority intervention because it allows the nurse to assess the patient's current cardiac status and detect any potential complications early. Monitoring vital signs provides crucial information on the patient's cardiovascular stability, while oxygen saturation levels indicate adequate tissue perfusion. Administering pain medication (A) can be important but not the priority. Deep breathing exercises (C) and providing nutritional education (D) are important but not as immediate as monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation in a patient with a history of myocardial infarction.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a knee replacement. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize in the post-operative care plan?
- A. Pain management.
- B. Encouraging early ambulation.
- C. Administering IV antibiotics.
- D. Monitoring for signs of deep vein thrombosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. Early ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots, improves circulation, aids in lung expansion, and promotes faster recovery. Pain management is important but encouraging mobility is a priority. Administering IV antibiotics is not necessary unless there is an infection present. Monitoring for signs of deep vein thrombosis is important but encouraging ambulation is a proactive approach to prevent its occurrence.
Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data?
- A. Validation.
- B. Clustering-related cues.
- C. Identifying gaps in data.
- D. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clustering-related cues. This critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data by grouping related information together. This aids in identifying patterns, connections, and trends within the data, leading to a better understanding of the situation. Validation (A) involves confirming the accuracy of data, not necessarily recognizing relationships. Identifying gaps in data (C) focuses on missing information rather than relationships among existing data. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant (D) is important but does not directly address recognizing relationships among data. In summary, clustering-related cues (B) is the most relevant skill for recognizing relationships among data in critical thinking.
Which statement correctly exemplifies a critical cultural perspective?
- A. Culture is a relational aspect of people that shifts and changes over time.
- B. Culture assumes that people act in similar ways in all circumstances.
- C. Culture is most clearly reflected in a person's language and behaviour.
- D. Culture adapts to specific environmental factors and available natural resources.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A):
1. A critical cultural perspective recognizes that culture is dynamic and contextual.
2. It acknowledges that culture is not static but evolves over time.
3. Understanding culture as relational highlights the interconnectedness of people and their environment.
4. This perspective emphasizes the importance of considering historical, social, and political factors in analyzing culture.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: This choice assumes cultural homogeneity, which does not account for diversity and variation within cultures.
C: While language and behavior are aspects of culture, they do not encompass the entirety of cultural expressions.
D: This choice oversimplifies culture by suggesting it is solely influenced by environmental factors, neglecting social and historical dimensions.
The nurse is performing a review of systems on a 76-year-old patient. Which of the following statements is correct for this situation?
- A. The questions asked are identical for all ages.
- B. The interviewer will start incorporating different questions for patients 70 years of age and older.
- C. Additional questions are reflective of the normal effects of aging.
- D. At this age, a review of systems is not necessary; just focus on current problems.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct as additional questions in a review of systems for a 76-year-old patient should address age-related changes. This allows for better assessment of potential health issues specific to older adults. Choice A is incorrect as questions may vary based on age. Choice B is incorrect as age alone does not dictate question changes. Choice D is incorrect as a review of systems is important at all ages for comprehensive patient assessment.
When examining an infant, which area should the nurse examine first?
- A. Ear
- B. Nose
- C. Throat
- D. Abdomen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ear. Examining the ear first is crucial in infants as it allows the nurse to assess for any signs of infection or abnormalities that could impact the infant's overall health. Ear infections are common in infants and can lead to serious complications if not detected early. By examining the ear first, the nurse can promptly address any issues and provide appropriate treatment.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- B: Nose - While examining the nose is important, it is not the priority in infants as ear issues are more common and can have immediate implications on health.
- C: Throat - Throat examination is important but typically follows ear examination in infants, as ear infections are more prevalent.
- D: Abdomen - Abdominal examination is important for overall health assessment but is not the initial area to examine in infants as ear issues take precedence due to their frequency and potential impact.