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A nurse is caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa. What should the nurse do to promote a healthy eating pattern?
- A. Provide a strict, rigid eating schedule without flexibility.
- B. Allow the patient to choose meals without any guidelines.
- C. Encourage regular meals and snacks with a focus on nutrition.
- D. Promote food restriction to avoid feelings of guilt after eating.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because encouraging regular meals and snacks with a focus on nutrition helps stabilize blood sugar levels, reduce binge eating episodes, and promote overall health. This approach also supports the patient in developing a balanced relationship with food.
A: Providing a strict, rigid eating schedule may increase anxiety and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.
B: Allowing the patient to choose meals without guidelines may lead to erratic eating patterns and poor nutrition.
D: Promoting food restriction can exacerbate feelings of guilt and perpetuate the cycle of binge eating.
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The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.'
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.'
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.'
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and social behavior, functions that are often impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex is responsible for emotions and memory, both of which are affected in schizophrenia. Research has shown abnormalities in these brain regions in individuals with schizophrenia, supporting the neurobiological origins of the disorder. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically address the brain regions known to be involved in schizophrenia.
When undertaking care for a patient with an eating disorder, a nurse should first:
- A. perform a complete patient assessment.
- B. obtain a history from the patient's family.
- C. examine his or her own feelings about weight.
- D. question the patient as to when he or she last ate a meal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because examining the nurse's own feelings about weight is essential to ensure they have a neutral and non-judgmental attitude towards the patient. This self-awareness helps the nurse avoid projecting biases onto the patient and fosters a therapeutic relationship. Performing a complete patient assessment (A) is important but not the first step. Obtaining a history from the patient's family (B) may be helpful but is not the initial priority. Questioning the patient about their last meal (D) is important but does not address the nurse's own attitudes and biases that could impact care.
When an individual with multiple cognitive disabilities has extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill, this is known as?
- A. Rainman syndrome
- B. Asperger ability
- C. Intellectual isolation
- D. Savant syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Savant Syndrome: Extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill in individuals with multiple cognitive disabilities, often linked to autism.
An adult consulted a nurse practitioner because of an inability to achieve orgasm for 2 years, despite having been sexually active. This adult was frustrated and expressed concerns about the relationship with the sexual partner. Which documentation best indicates the treatment was successful?
- A. No complaints related to sexual function; to return next week.
- B. Patient reports achieving orgasm last week; seems very happy.
- C. Reports satisfaction with sexual encounters; feels partner is supportive.
- D. Reports achieving orgasm occasionally; relationship with partner is adequate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Choice C indicates satisfaction with sexual encounters and feeling supported by the partner, which suggest a positive outcome in addressing the inability to achieve orgasm and concerns about the relationship.
Step 2: The patient feeling satisfied and supported signifies improvement in sexual function and relationship dynamics.
Step 3: This documentation reflects a holistic approach to addressing the patient's concerns, focusing on emotional well-being and relationship quality.
Step 4: Overall, choice C demonstrates a comprehensive resolution to the patient's initial complaints and indicates successful treatment.
Summary:
Choice C is the correct answer as it shows improvement in both sexual function and relationship satisfaction. Choices A, B, and D do not address the patient's concerns about the relationship or emotional well-being, making them less appropriate indicators of treatment success.
The caregiver for a client with moderate to severe dementia tells the nurse, 'I'm exhausted. He wanders at night instead of sleeping, so I get no rest. I'm afraid to leave him during the day, so I have to take him to the grocery store and to the laundromat. When I'm busy there, he often wanders off. Still, I have to do it all.' The nurse recognizes the need to provide teaching for this caregiver. An appropriate outcome is that the caregiver will:
- A. Develop strategies to ensure the client's safety.
- B. Seek respite care to get a break.
- C. Join a support group for caregivers.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Develop strategies to ensure the client's safety. This is the most appropriate outcome as it directly addresses the caregiver's concerns of the client wandering and ensures their safety. By developing strategies such as installing door alarms, creating a safe sleeping environment, and establishing a routine, the caregiver can mitigate the risks associated with wandering behavior.
Summary:
- B: Seek respite care to get a break: While respite care is important for caregiver well-being, it does not directly address the safety concerns of the client wandering.
- C: Join a support group for caregivers: While support groups can be beneficial for emotional support, they may not provide immediate solutions to ensure the client's safety.