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A nurse is caring for a patient with increased urination and pain with urination. What finding would the nurse expect if the patient has a UTI?
- A. white blood cells in urine
- B. ketones in urine
- C. blood in urine
- D. protein in urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI) they may have increased white blood cells (leukocytes) in their urine. White blood cells are a sign of inflammation and infection in the urinary tract. It is a common finding in patients with UTIs. Symptoms such as increased urination and pain with urination are classic signs of a UTI. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see white blood cells in the urine of a patient with a UTI.
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A nurse working in a labor and birth unit is asked to take care of two high-risk patients in the labor and birth suite: a 34 weeks’ gestation 28-year-old gravida 3, para 2 in preterm labor and a 40-year-old gravida 1, para 0 who is severely preeclamptic. The nurse refuses this assignment telling the charge nurse that based on individual patient acuity, each patient should have one-on-one care. Which ethical principle is the nurse advocating?
- A. Accountability
- B. Beneficence
- C. Justice
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Justice is the ethical principle that involves fair and equal distribution of resources and care. In this scenario, the nurse is advocating for justice by asserting that each high-risk patient should receive one-on-one care based on their individual acuity levels. By refusing to take on both patients simultaneously, the nurse is advocating for fairness and equal opportunity for proper care and attention for each patient. This is in line with the principle of justice, which emphasizes the importance of treating all individuals fairly and providing them with the appropriate level of care they need.
Regarding advanced roles of nursing, which statement related to clinical practice is the most accurate?
- A. Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) can assist with childbirth care in the hospital setting.
- B. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) provide primary care to obstetric patients.
- C. Neonatal nurse practitioners provide emergency care in the postbirth setting to high-risk infants.
- D. A certified nurse midwife (CNM) is not considered to be an advanced practice nurse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most accurate statement related to clinical practice among the choices presented is that neonatal nurse practitioners provide emergency care in the postbirth setting to high-risk infants. Neonatal nurse practitioners specialize in the care of newborns, particularly those who are premature or have health complications. They work in settings such as neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and provide specialized care to meet the needs of high-risk infants. Neonatal nurse practitioners collaborate with neonatologists and other healthcare professionals to ensure that these fragile patients receive the necessary care and attention. This role involves advanced clinical skills and knowledge in the care of neonates, making it a crucial part of the healthcare team for newborns in need of specialized care.
The nurse is providing education to the patient that is receiving a bisphosphate medication for osteoporosis. Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan to reduce side effects and enhance absorption while taking bisphosphates? Select all that apply.
- A. Take the medication with a small meal at the same time
- B. Take the medication with at least 8 oz. of water.
- C. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking a dos
- D. Take the medication on an empty stomach
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Take the medication with a small meal at the same time: Bisphosphonate medications should be taken with a small meal rather than on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
The nurse is providing preoperative education on the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Which statement by the patient verifies understanding of the procedure?
- A. I will use a mild douche solution to keep the surgical area clean.
- B. I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen.
- C. I understand that there will be some light vaginal bleeding for several days.
- D. I understand that I must remain on bedrest until cleared by the surgeon.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement by the patient that demonstrates understanding of the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy procedure is "I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen." This is a relevant and accurate statement as the procedure involves minimal scarring due to the use of small incisions in the abdomen rather than a large incision. It shows understanding of one of the benefits of this surgical approach. The other statements are not accurate or relevant to the procedure.
In consideration of the historic evolution of maternity care, which treatment options were used over the past century? (Select all that apply.)
- A. During the nineteenth century, women of privilege were delivered by midwives in a hospital setting.
- B. Granny midwives received their training through a period of apprenticeship.
- C. The recognition of improved obstetric outcomes was related to increased usage of hygienic practices.
- D. A shift to hospital-based births occurred as a result of medical equipment designed to facilitate birth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. During the nineteenth century, women of privilege were typically delivered by midwives in a hospital setting. This practice was common among the wealthier class, as midwives were often considered the primary caregivers during childbirth.