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A nurse is caring for an infant who has diaper dermatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Change to cloth diapers until the skin is healed.
- B. Use a moisturizer to wipe urine from the skin.
- C. Apply a light layer of talcum powder with each diaper change.
- D. Expose the excoriated area to hot air frequently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While some parents may prefer cloth diapers, they can retain moisture and irritants. Disposable diapers with good absorbency are often preferred in managing diaper dermatitis. Using a gentle moisturizer to clean the skin can help protect the infant's skin and maintain its barrier function, especially in cases of diaper dermatitis. Moisturizers help soothe and heal the affected area by providing hydration and protection. Talcum powder is not recommended due to the risk of inhalation, which can cause respiratory issues. Additionally, powders can clump and worsen skin irritation. Exposing the skin to hot air can dry out the skin and worsen irritation. It's better to allow the area to air-dry naturally or use a cool blow dryer on a low setting.
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A newborn's failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth may indicate which of the following?
- A. Abdominal wall defect
- B. Celiac disease.
- C. Intussusception
- D. Hirschsprung disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal wall defect: Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth can indicate a potential obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. While an abdominal wall defect could potentially cause gastrointestinal issues, it is not specifically associated with failure to pass meconium. Celiac disease: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While celiac disease can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, it is not typically associated with failure to pass meconium in the newborn period. Intussusception: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing a bowel obstruction. While intussusception is a cause of bowel obstruction in infants, it typically presents with symptoms such as colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of 'currant jelly' stool, rather than failure to pass meconium. Hirschsprung disease: Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease. This condition requires surgical intervention to remove the affected portion of the colon and restore normal bowel function.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a preschooler who has atopic dermatitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. You will need to take the entire prescription of antibiotics even if your symptoms improve.
- B. The doctor will remove the lesions with liquid nitrogen.
- C. The doctor might recommend an antihistamine to help control your symptoms.
- D. You can relieve your child's discomfort by applying warm compresses to the lesions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: You will need to take the entire prescription of antibiotics even if your symptoms improve.' Atopic dermatitis is not typically treated with antibiotics, as it is not caused by a bacterial infection. Therefore, this statement is not relevant and would not be included in the teaching. 'The doctor will remove the lesions with liquid nitrogen.' Liquid nitrogen is not typically used to remove lesions associated with atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis lesions are usually managed with topical treatments and other measures to reduce inflammation and itching. Therefore, this statement is not accurate and would not be included in the teaching. 'The doctor might recommend an antihistamine to help control your symptoms.' Antihistamines may be prescribed to help relieve itching associated with atopic dermatitis. Itching is a common symptom of atopic dermatitis, and antihistamines can help reduce this symptom. Therefore, this statement is relevant and would be included in the teaching. 'You can relieve your child's discomfort by applying warm compresses to the lesions.' Warm compresses can exacerbate itching associated with atopic dermatitis by increasing blood flow.
Bacterial infection caused by both staph and strept bacteria. Usually sign around mouth and nose, more common in children and the elderly.
- A. Eczema
- B. Vitiligo
- C. Angioedema
- D. Impetigo
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eczema: Eczema is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, redness, and itching. It is not typically caused by bacterial infections and does not present with signs around the mouth and nose. Vitiligo: Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin color in patches. It is not caused by bacterial infections and does not typically present with signs around the mouth and nose. Angioedema: Angioedema is swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and is commonly associated with allergic reactions or other triggers. It is not caused by bacterial infections. Impetigo: Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. It commonly presents with red sores or blisters around the mouth and nose, especially in children and the elderly. Therefore, option D, Impetigo, is the correct answer.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hematuria
- B. Urinary frequency
- C. Polyuria
- D. Dependent edema
- E. Dysuria
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: A. Hematuria: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common finding in urinary tract infections (UTIs). It occurs due to irritation and inflammation of the urinary tract lining, causing small blood vessels to leak blood into the urine. B. Urinary frequency: Urinary frequency, or the need to urinate more often than usual, is a classic symptom of a UTI. It occurs because the infection irritates the bladder lining, leading to a frequent urge to urinate even when the bladder is not full. C. Polyuria: Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not typically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Instead, UTIs usually cause urinary frequency without necessarily increasing the total volume of urine produced (polyuria). D. Dependent edema: Dependent edema, or swelling in the lower extremities due to fluid accumulation, is not a typical finding in urinary tract infections. UTIs primarily affect the urinary system and do not typically cause system
A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Maintain a saline-lock.
- B. Check the child's weight daily.
- C. Place the child on a no-salt-added diet.
- D. Educate the parents about potential complications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintain a saline-lock: While maintaining a saline lock is important for ensuring vascular access in case of emergency, it is not the priority action in caring for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Monitoring daily weight is crucial in acute glomerulonephritis, as it helps assess fluid balance and detect early signs of fluid retention or worsening kidney function, which are key concerns in this condition. This makes it a priority action. Place the child on a no-salt-added diet: Dietary modifications, including reducing salt intake, may be recommended for managing acute glomerulonephritis. However, it is not the priority action at this stage. Parental education is important for long-term management and understanding of the condition, but it is not the most immediate priority in the acute phase of the illness.