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A nurse is caring for an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. The nurse should place the infant in which of the following positions after feeding?
- A. Left side
- B. Upright
- C. Right side
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left side: Placing the infant on the left side after feeding is not typically recommended for managing gastroesophageal reflux. This position may not provide optimal support for digestion and may not effectively reduce reflux symptoms. Upright: This is the correct answer. Placing the infant in an upright position after feeding can help reduce gastroesophageal reflux. Gravity helps keep stomach contents down, preventing them from flowing back up into the esophagus. Holding the infant upright on the caregiver's shoulder or in a baby carrier can be effective in minimizing reflux symptoms. Right side: Placing the infant on the right side after feeding is not typically recommended for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Similar to the left side, this position may not provide optimal support for digestion and may not effectively reduce reflux symptoms. Prone: Placing the infant in a prone (face-down) position after feeding is not recommended due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Prone positioning is associated with an increased risk of SIDS, and current guidelines advise against placing infants to sleep or rest on their stomachs. Additionally, a prone position may not effectively reduce gastroesophageal reflux and may pose other risks to the infant's health and safety.
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The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parents of a 2-year-old child who had an orchiopexy to correct cryptorchidism. Which statement by the parents indicate that further teaching is necessary?
- A. I give him medication so he'll be comfortable.
- B. I check his voiding to be sure there's no problem.
- C. I check his temperature.
- D. I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: I give him medication so he'll be comfortable.' - This statement indicates that the parents are providing medication to ensure the child's comfort after the procedure, which is an appropriate action. It suggests that the parents are attentive to the child's needs postoperatively. 'I check his voiding to be sure there's no problem.' - Checking the child's voiding is important postoperatively to ensure there are no urinary retention issues or other complications related to urination. This statement reflects appropriate postoperative care and monitoring. 'I check his temperature.' - Monitoring the child's temperature is also a good practice postoperatively to watch for signs of infection or other complications. This statement indicates that the parents are attentive to signs of potential postoperative issues. 'I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities.' - This statement suggests that the parents plan to let the child decide when to resume play activities after the surgery. However, after a surgical procedure like orchiopexy, it's important for parents to follow specific guidelines provided by healthcare providers regarding activity restrictions and return to normal activities. Allowing the child to decide may not align with the recommended postoperative care plan.
You have a patient who has a brain tumor and is at risk for seizures. In the patient's plan of care you incorporate seizure precautions. Select the 3 choices below for all the proper steps to take in initiating seizure precautions. (Select All that Apply.)
- A. Bed in highest position
- B. Remove restrictive objects or clothing from patients' body
- C. Remove all pillows from the patient's head
- D. Oxygen and suction at bedside
- E. Padded bed rails
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: A. Bed in highest position: The height of the bed is not directly related to seizure precautions. B. Remove restrictive objects or clothing from patient's body: This is important to prevent injury during a seizure episode. C. Remove all pillows from the patient's head: While it's generally a good practice to remove pillows to prevent suffocation or obstruction, it's not specifically related to seizure precautions. D. Oxygen and suction at bedside: Oxygen and suction should be readily available to support the patient's respiratory status and clear any secretions or vomit during or after a seizure. E. Padded bed rails: Padded bed rails can help prevent injury if the patient thrashes or moves violently during a seizure.
An infant with hydrocele is seen in the clinic for a follow-up visit at 1 month of age. The scrotum is smaller than it was at birth, but fluid is still visible on illumination. Which of the following actions is the physician likely to recommend?
- A. No treatment is necessary, the fluid is reabsorbing normally
- B. Keeping the infant in a flat, supine position until the fluid is gone
- C. Referral to a surgeon for repair
- D. Massaging the groin area twice a day until the fluid is gone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: No treatment is necessary, the fluid is reabsorbing normally: - This option suggests that the hydrocele is resolving spontaneously, which is often the case in infants. The physician may choose to observe the hydrocele over time as it is likely to resolve without intervention. Keeping the infant in a flat, supine position until the fluid is gone: - This option does not address the underlying cause of the hydrocele and is not a standard treatment recommendation. Additionally, positioning changes are unlikely to affect the resolution of the hydrocele. Referral to a surgeon for repair: - Surgical repair may be considered if the hydrocele persists beyond a certain age or if it causes discomfort or complications. However, it is typically not recommended in infants unless the hydrocele persists beyond infancy or causes other issues. Massaging the groin area twice a day until the fluid is gone: - Massaging the groin area is not a recommended treatment for hydrocele and may not be effective in resolving the condition. Additionally, manipulating the scrotum may cause discomfort or injury to the infant.
A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles: This is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. It typically manifests as a painful rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters. Athlete's foot: This is a fungal infection of the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. It causes itching, burning, and cracked, flaking skin. Fever blister: Also known as a cold sore, this is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. It typically appears as a cluster of small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips. Pinworms: This is a parasitic infection caused by tiny, white worms that infect the intestines. It commonly causes anal itching, particularly at night, due to the female worms laying eggs around the anal area.
Bacterial infection caused by both staph and strept bacteria. Usually sign around mouth and nose, more common in children and the elderly.
- A. Eczema
- B. Vitiligo
- C. Angioedema
- D. Impetigo
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eczema: Eczema is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, redness, and itching. It is not typically caused by bacterial infections and does not present with signs around the mouth and nose. Vitiligo: Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin color in patches. It is not caused by bacterial infections and does not typically present with signs around the mouth and nose. Angioedema: Angioedema is swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and is commonly associated with allergic reactions or other triggers. It is not caused by bacterial infections. Impetigo: Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. It commonly presents with red sores or blisters around the mouth and nose, especially in children and the elderly. Therefore, option D, Impetigo, is the correct answer.