Nokea
A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?
- A. Firmly attached white particles on the hair
- B. Itching and scratching of the head
- C. Patchy areas of hair loss
- D. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is a common condition in children. One of the definitive indications of this condition is the presence of firmly attached white particles on the hair, which are the eggs or 'nits' of the lice. While itching and scratching of the head can be a symptom of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication as it can be caused by other conditions such as dandruff or dermatitis. Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. They could indicate a different condition, such as alopecia areata or tinea capitis. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base are not a symptom of pediculosis capitis. This description is more consistent with impetigo, a bacterial skin infection.
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A nurse working at a clinic speaks on the telephone with a parent of a 2-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse that the infant has projectile vomiting followed by hunger after meals. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Bring your infant into the clinic today to be seen.'
- B. Burp your child more frequently during feedings.'
- C. Give your infant an oral rehydrating solution.'
- D. You might want to try switching to a different formula.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms described by the parent - projectile vomiting followed by hunger - could indicate a serious condition such as pyloric stenosis, which is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the small intestine. This condition can lead to severe dehydration and requires immediate medical attention. While burping can help to relieve gas and minor stomach discomfort, it would not address the underlying issue causing the projectile vomiting. This advice might be appropriate for a baby with simple colic or gas, but not for the symptoms described. While oral rehydrating solutions can help to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, they do not address the underlying cause of the projectile vomiting. Furthermore, if the baby is vomiting frequently, they may not be able to keep down the solution. Switching formulas can sometimes help babies who have allergies or intolerances to certain ingredients in their current formula. However, the symptoms described are not typical of a formula intolerance or allergy. Moreover, switching formulas without seeking medical advice can potentially lead to other complications.
Upon finding a school-age child having a seizure, what should be the nurse's first action after lowering the client to the floor?
- A. Turn the client to a lateral position.
- B. Administer an anticonvulsant medication.
- C. Apply oxygen by nasal cannula.
- D. Check the client's oxygen saturation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first action a nurse should take upon finding a school-age child having a seizure is to ease the person to the floor and turn the person gently onto one side. This will help the person breathe and can prevent injury. Administering an anticonvulsant medication is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side. Applying oxygen by nasal cannula is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side. Checking the client's oxygen saturation is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side.
A nurse is gathering information from a 1-year-old child who has been diagnosed with Wilms' tumor. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Abdominal mass
- C. Swollen joints
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, is not typically a symptom of Wilms' tumor. It is more commonly associated with conditions that cause liver dysfunction. An abdominal mass is one of the most common symptoms of Wilms' tumor. Parents or healthcare providers may feel a lump or swelling in the child's abdomen. Swollen joints are not a typical symptom of Wilms' tumor. They are more commonly associated with conditions that affect the joints, such as juvenile arthritis. Diarrhea is not a typical symptom of Wilms' tumor. It is more commonly a symptom of gastrointestinal illnesses.
A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash and is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Tinea pedis is a foot infection due to a dermatophyte fungus. It is the most common dermatophyte infection and is particularly prevalent in hot, tropical, urban environments. Interdigital involvement is most commonly seen (this presentation is also known as athlete's foot, although some people use the term for any kind of tinea pedis). Fever blister, also known as cold sores, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They are small, fluid-filled blisters that develop on the lips or around the mouth. Pinworms are a type of parasite that lives in the lower intestine of humans. They are tiny, narrow worms. They are white and less than a half-inch long.
What is the mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis (ringworm)?
- A. Direct contact with infected personal items such as towels, combs, or hats.
- B. Exposure to worm eggs through bare feet.
- C. Sitting on worm eggs.
- D. Airborne droplet transmission.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tinea Capitis, also known as scalp ringworm, is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected personal items such as towels, combs, or hats. Exposure to worm eggs through bare feet is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. This is more commonly associated with a different type of parasitic infection known as hookworm. Sitting on worm eggs is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. This is a misconception and there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Airborne droplet transmission is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. Tinea Capitis is caused by a type of fungus, not a virus or bacteria, and it does not spread through the air via droplets.