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A nurse is conducting a community assessment. Which of the following information should the nurse include as part of the windshield survey?
- A. Demographic data
- B. Mortality rate
- C. Informant interviews
- D. Housing quality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Housing quality. In a windshield survey, the nurse observes the community from a car to assess physical environment, including housing conditions. This information is crucial for identifying health risks and community needs. Demographic data (A) and mortality rates (B) are important but are typically gathered through other means. Informant interviews (C) involve talking to community members, not part of a windshield survey. Other choices (E, F, G) are not relevant to a windshield survey.
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Several nurses are developing a parish nurse group to help address the primary and secondary health care needs of the congregation. Which of the following services should the nurses plan to provide to the congregation?
- A. Organize an influenza immunization clinic with the American Red Cross
- B. Perform wound care in the home of members
- C. Provide end-of-life care for members who are terminal
- D. Facilitate discharge from the facility to the home
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Organize an influenza immunization clinic with the American Red Cross. This service is important for promoting preventive health measures within the congregation. Influenza immunization helps reduce the spread of flu and protect vulnerable populations such as the elderly and young children. It aligns with the primary and secondary health care needs by focusing on prevention and early intervention. Providing wound care in members' homes (B) is more of a tertiary care service and may require specialized training and resources. End-of-life care (C) and discharge facilitation (D) are also important but may not directly address primary and secondary health care needs in this context.
A nurse at a local health department is caring for several clients. Which of the following infections should the nurse report to the state health department?
- A. Herpes simplex virus
- B. Group B Streptococcus B hemolytic
- C. Human papillomavirus
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tuberculosis. The nurse should report tuberculosis to the state health department because it is a notifiable infectious disease, meaning it is required by law to be reported to public health authorities. Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infection that can spread easily and pose a public health risk if not properly monitored and controlled. Reporting helps in tracking and controlling the spread of the disease through appropriate public health interventions. Choices A, B, and C are not typically reportable to the state health department as they are not considered highly contagious or pose significant public health risks compared to tuberculosis.
A nurse is discussing short- and long-term goals with a client who has alcohol use disorder and is being admitted to a treatment facility. Which of the following statements is appropriate for the nurse to include in the discussion?
- A. You will be taking a once-weekly dose of disulfiram to help control withdrawal symptoms during treatment
- B. Remaining physically active will help to minimize drowsiness and chills associated with initial alcohol withdrawal
- C. Attending Al-Anon meetings will help you identify a role model to assist you with making needed changes
- D. You will begin learning functional skills to replace defense mechanisms and behaviors while in treatment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D: You will begin learning functional skills to replace defense mechanisms and behaviors while in treatment
Rationale: This statement is appropriate because it focuses on the core aspect of treatment for alcohol use disorder, which is addressing maladaptive coping mechanisms with healthier alternatives. By learning functional skills to replace defense mechanisms and behaviors, the client can develop healthier coping strategies and decrease the likelihood of relapse in the long term.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect - Disulfiram is not used to control withdrawal symptoms; it is a deterrent medication to discourage alcohol consumption.
B: Incorrect - Physical activity is beneficial, but it does not directly address the underlying issues of alcohol use disorder.
C: Incorrect - Al-Anon meetings are for family and friends of individuals with substance use disorders, not for the individual seeking treatment.
E, F, G: No information provided.
A nurse working in an infectious disease clinic is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of Lyme disease. Which of the following agencies is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of this disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?
- A. Office of the Surgeon General
- B. State Department of Health
- C. Hospital infection control department
- D. Local Red Cross chapter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: State Department of Health. The State Department of Health is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of Lyme disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because they are tasked with monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases within their jurisdiction. They have the mandate to collect and report data on disease outbreaks to the CDC, enabling national surveillance and response efforts. The other choices are incorrect because the Office of the Surgeon General does not have direct jurisdiction over disease reporting, the hospital infection control department focuses on internal infection control measures, and the Local Red Cross chapter is primarily involved in disaster relief and blood services, not disease surveillance.
In the last month, three cases of tuberculosis have been referred to the health department. Which of the following is the priority information for the community health nurse to obtain from each client?
- A. Demographics
- B. Household members
- C. Occupation
- D. Health history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Household members. This is the priority information for the nurse to obtain as tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread within households. By knowing the household members, the nurse can assess the risk of transmission and provide appropriate guidance for testing and treatment. Demographics (A) may provide background information but are not as crucial as identifying close contacts. Occupation (C) and health history (D) are important but do not directly address the immediate risk of transmission within the household.