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A nurse is considering employment at a long-term care facility that has a functional nursing delivery system. Knowing this, the nurse could expect that:
- A. Each RN would coordinate care for a group of clients.
- B. One RN would pass meds for all clients on a unit.
- C. Each RN would deliver total care to an assigned group of clients.
- D. One RN, one LPN, and one unlicensed assistive personnel would share responsibility for a group of clients.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a functional nursing delivery system, one RN typically administers medications for all clients on a unit. This system allows for efficient distribution of tasks, ensuring that medications are given safely and accurately.
A: Incorrect. Functional nursing does not involve each RN coordinating care for a group of clients.
C: Incorrect. In this system, care tasks are divided among team members, not each RN providing total care to a group of clients.
D: Incorrect. Functional nursing typically does not involve sharing responsibility among different roles like RN, LPN, and unlicensed assistive personnel.
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An RN knows that sometimes, when working through an ethical dilemma, the decision makers are unable to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Which of the following is a reason why an agreement cannot be reached?
- A. One or more of the parties may be able to reconcile their values.
- B. The patient’s point of view is recognized as valuable.
- C. The dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices.
- D. The institution is unable to honor the patient’s request.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because when an ethical dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices, it can be challenging for decision-makers to come to a consensus. This is known as a moral dilemma, where there is no clear right or wrong option, making it difficult to reach an agreement. In such cases, individuals may have strong convictions about different courses of action, leading to a deadlock in decision-making.
Incorrect choices:
A: One or more of the parties may be able to reconcile their values - This choice suggests that parties can find common ground by adjusting their values, which is not always possible in complex ethical dilemmas.
B: The patient’s point of view is recognized as valuable - While recognizing the patient's perspective is important, it may not directly address the core reason why an agreement cannot be reached.
D: The institution is unable to honor the patient’s request - This choice focuses on institutional constraints rather than the fundamental nature of ethical dilemmas and decision-making processes.
A client experiences an air emboli, resulting in a stroke, during an IV start. This can be classified as which type of risk?
- A. Patient dissatisfaction
- B. Medical-legal incident
- C. Medication error
- D. Diagnostic procedure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diagnostic procedure. Air emboli during an IV start can lead to a stroke, making it a risk associated with a diagnostic procedure. The air emboli occurred during the IV start, which is a diagnostic procedure aimed at obtaining information about the patient's health status. Patient dissatisfaction (A) is not the main concern here, as the focus is on the medical outcome. While a medical-legal incident (B) may result from this situation, the primary classification is related to the diagnostic nature of the procedure. This incident is not primarily a medication error (C) as the main issue is the introduction of air into the bloodstream during the IV start, rather than a mistake in medication administration.
Which of the following is an example of voluntary absenteeism?
- A. Staying home for a sick child
- B. Staying home for a funeral
- C. Staying home to run errands or finish housework
- D. Staying home for sickness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Voluntary absenteeism refers to missing work by choice rather than due to circumstances like illness or emergencies. Staying home to run errands or finish housework falls under this category as it is a personal choice unrelated to external factors.
A, B, and D are incorrect because staying home for a sick child, a funeral, or due to sickness are examples of involuntary absenteeism, where circumstances beyond the individual's control necessitate their absence from work.
In dealing with a conflict on a unit, the nurse manager decides to ask one of the staff nurses, who is not moving towards resolution, to transfer to another unit. What tactic has the manager implemented?
- A. Avoidance
- B. Withdrawal
- C. Suppression
- D. Competition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Suppression. The nurse manager chose to suppress the conflict by asking the staff nurse to transfer, avoiding direct confrontation. This tactic aims to remove the conflict from the unit without addressing the root cause. Avoidance (A) is not correct as the manager did take action. Withdrawal (B) implies the nurse manager removed themselves from the conflict, which is not the case. Competition (D) involves a win-lose approach, which is not evident in this scenario.
What is the primary focus of a patient safety program?
- A. To reduce healthcare costs
- B. To improve clinical outcomes
- C. To enhance patient satisfaction
- D. To comply with regulatory standards
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary focus of a patient safety program is to enhance patient satisfaction. This is because the ultimate goal of patient safety initiatives is to ensure that patients receive safe and high-quality care, leading to improved patient experience and satisfaction. By prioritizing patient safety, healthcare providers can build trust with patients, reduce medical errors, and prevent harm.
Why other choices are incorrect:
A: While reducing healthcare costs may be a positive outcome of a patient safety program, it is not the primary focus.
B: Improving clinical outcomes is an important goal of patient safety programs, but it is not the primary focus as patient satisfaction encompasses a broader aspect of care.
D: Compliance with regulatory standards is essential, but it is a means to achieve patient safety rather than the primary focus.