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A nurse is contributing to a community center's in-service program about early detection of breast cancer. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make for female clients who do not have a family history of breast cancer?
- A. You should start receiving mammograms as early as age 40.
- B. You should receive a breast ultrasound every 3 years after age 50.
- C. You should receive a breast examination from your provider each year after age 30.
- D. You should start performing monthly breast self-examinations at age 35.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Guidelines recommend mammograms starting at 40 for average-risk women.
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A nurse is inserting an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client. After inserting the catheter 15 cm (6 in), the nurse feels resistance and no urine flows through the catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Apply lidocaine gel to the urethra.
- B. Inflate the catheter's balloon.
- C. Twist the catheter gently.
- D. Lower the penis to a 45° angle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Twisting gently can navigate resistance (e.g., prostate) without forcing or inflating prematurely.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 2 days postoperative following the placement of a colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. The stoma is draining a small amount of liquid stool.
- B. The stoma protrudes slightly from the abdomen.
- C. The stoma bleeds lightly when touched.
- D. The stoma appears dark in color.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A dark stoma indicates potential necrosis or ischemia, requiring immediate provider attention.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is perimenopausal. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I might have headaches due to a decline in my estrogen levels.
- B. I can expect to have regular periods until I am in menopause.
- C. The best time to perform a breast self-examination is on the first day of my period.
- D. I should stop receiving Papanicolaou tests once I reach menopause.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Declining estrogen in perimenopause can cause headaches, reflecting hormonal changes.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is immobile and has a potential deep-vein thrombosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Calf swelling
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Tortuous veins
- D. Clammy skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calf swelling is a key sign of deep-vein thrombosis, requiring immediate reporting for intervention.
A nurse is collecting data from a client about bowel elimination. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a risk for impaired bowel elimination?
- A. I drink two hot cups of coffee each morning.
- B. I love to eat apples and black-eyed peas.
- C. I take a prescribed opioid pain medication at bedtime.
- D. I drink an average of 2,000 milliliters of water daily.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioids slow gastrointestinal motility, increasing the risk of constipation and impaired bowel elimination.