HESI Nutrition Practice Exam

HESI Nutrition Practice Exam Related

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A nurse is contributing to the plan of care of a client who has had a stroke. The client is experiencing severe dysphagia with choking and coughing while eating. Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

  • A. NPO until dysphagia subsides
  • B. Supplements via NG tube
  • C. Initiation of total parenteral nutrition
  • D. Mechanical soft diet
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mechanical soft diet. A mechanical soft diet is appropriate for clients with severe dysphagia as it helps reduce the risk of choking and aspiration by providing food that is easier to swallow. Choice A, NPO until dysphagia subsides, may be necessary initially but is not a long-term solution. Choice B, supplements via NG tube, may be considered if the client is unable to meet their nutritional needs orally, but it does not address the texture modification needed for dysphagia. Choice C, initiation of total parenteral nutrition, is typically reserved for clients who cannot tolerate any oral intake and is not the first-line option for dysphagia management.

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A client is lactose intolerant, and a nurse is reinforcing teaching. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

  • A. You should increase the fiber in your diet.
  • B. You should increase the calories in your diet.
  • C. You should decrease the dairy products in your diet.
  • D. You should decrease the amount of vitamin D in your diet.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement for a client who is lactose intolerant is to decrease dairy products since lactose intolerant individuals should avoid dairy to prevent symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and gas. Increasing fiber (Choice A) or calories (Choice B) is not directly related to lactose intolerance. Decreasing vitamin D (Choice D) is not necessary as lactose intolerance is about the sugar in dairy, not vitamin D.

The client is being taught about precautions with Coumadin therapy. Which over-the-counter medication should the client be instructed to avoid?

  • A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • B. Cough medicines with guaifenesin
  • C. Histamine blockers
  • D. Laxatives containing magnesium salts
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When a client is on Coumadin therapy, NSAIDs should be avoided because they can increase the risk of bleeding due to their antiplatelet effects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Cough medicines with guaifenesin, histamine blockers, and laxatives containing magnesium salts do not have a significant interaction with Coumadin therapy that would necessitate avoidance.

A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. Which of these actions should the nurse take first?

  • A. Administer insulin as ordered
  • B. Encourage the client to drink fluids
  • C. Notify the healthcare provider
  • D. Recheck the blood glucose level in 30 minutes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering insulin as ordered is the priority action when a client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. Insulin helps to lower the high blood glucose level and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Encouraging the client to drink fluids may be beneficial but does not address the immediate need to lower the blood glucose level. Notifying the healthcare provider and rechecking the blood glucose level can be important steps but should come after administering insulin to address the high glucose level promptly.

Which of these clients, all in the terminal stage of cancer, is least appropriate to suggest the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with a pump?

  • A. A young adult with a history of Down syndrome
  • B. A teenager who reads at a 4th-grade level
  • C. An elderly client with numerous arthritic nodules on the hands
  • D. A preschooler with intermittent alertness
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a preschooler with intermittent alertness. This client may not have the cognitive ability to effectively use a PCA pump due to their age and alertness level. They may not understand how to self-administer the analgesia. Choices A, B, and C are more appropriate candidates for PCA as they are likely to have better comprehension and ability to operate the PCA pump compared to a preschooler with intermittent alertness.

A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has a burn injury and adheres to a strict vegan diet. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend?

  • A. Tuna salad
  • B. Fresh fruit
  • C. Vegetables
  • D. Beans
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Beans are an excellent choice for a client with a burn injury who follows a strict vegan diet. They are a rich source of protein, essential for healing, making them the most suitable option among the choices provided. Tuna salad (choice A) is not suitable for a vegan diet as it contains animal products. While fresh fruit (choice B) and vegetables (choice C) are healthy options, they may not provide sufficient protein needed for healing from a burn injury.

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