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A nurse is creating a plan of care and has identified several problems for the client including a collaborative problem. Which statement distinguishes a collaborative problem from a problem-focused nursing diagnosis?
- A. A collaborative problem addresses the problem's related risk factors and defining characteristics.
- B. A collaborative problem denotes a complication that has a physiologic origin which can be addressed by independent and/or health care provider prescribed nursing interventions.
- C. A collaborative problem denotes a client's response to a physiologic condition that can be addressed solely by nursing interventions.
- D. A collaborative problem is a secondary risk factor that provides a more in-depth explanation of the problem.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Collaborative problems denote complications with a physiologic origin and differ from nursing diagnoses, which address client responses to various circumstances and are managed by nursing interventions. Related risk factors and defining characteristics are parts of a nursing diagnosis, not a collaborative problem. A nursing diagnosis describes a client's response to a physiologic condition or the environment and can be addressed by nursing interventions (independent or health care provider prescribed). Secondary risk factors can provide a more in-depth explanation of the cause of a problem in a nursing diagnosis. Collaborative problems do not have secondary risk factors.
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A client is admitted to the hospital for control of diabetes mellitus. When does the nurse understand the nursing process begins?
- A. When the client enters the healthcare system
- B. Prior to the client being discharged
- C. After the nurse initiates the plan of care
- D. When the health care provider writes the first prescription for care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing process begins when a client enters the healthcare system. Prior to being discharged, after the plan of care is initiated, and when the healthcare provider writes the first prescription for care all occur after the client is already in the healthcare system.
The nurse is reviewing the concept care map for a client with multiple medical problems. What significance does the concept care map have in relation to the client's plan of care?
- A. It provides guidance for health care providers to develop a treatment plan for the client.
- B. It is considered the best method of evaluating the client's plan of care.
- C. It is a means for nurses to consider all of a client's problems and develop a plan for treatment.
- D. It is the student version of a client's nursing care plan.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The significance of the concept map is that it is a means for nurses to consider all of the client's problems (nursing and medical) and develop a plan for the treatment of those problems. A concept map may be reviewed by a health care provider, but it does not provide guidance for health care providers to develop a client's treatment plan. A concept map is an alternate to nursing care plans but is not considered the best method for evaluating the plan of care. A concept map is not a student version of a client's nursing care plan. It does assist a student in assessing what is known about a client and what information is still needed.
Which of the following pieces of information is included in the client database?
- A. Nursing care
- B. Diagnostic studies
- C. Plan of care
- D. Collaborative problems
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client database includes all the information obtained from the medical and nursing history, physical examination, and diagnostic studies. The client database does not include nursing care, plan of care, or collaborative problems.
The nurse has developed a plan of care for a client who is having a surgical procedure and is at risk for the development of a pneumonia for a surgical diagnosis.. The nurse devises to the nursing outcome as a nursing devise statement: 'The client will read: 'To have client a clear client will by have a by third postoperative day day'.' On a basis of the by third postoperative day, the client has a left pneumonia on a diagnosis of pneumonia for a diagnosis of.. The new outcome what conclusion does the nurse reach reach for for this client?
- A. The outcome is achieved, the problem is solved, and the nursing orders are discontinued.
- B. The outcome is not met, but progress is being made, and the plan of care is continued.
- C. The outcome is not achieved, and the plan requires critical reevaluation and revision.
- D. The outcome will be reassessed in 2 more days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client has not achieved the outcome and in fact has potentially developed pneumonia. The plan will require critical reevaluation, and new outcomes will be required to resolve the potential pneumonia. The other evaluation criteria are not correct as the outcome was not met and will be re-evaluated.
A client being cared for by the healthcare team has a large open abdominal wound after having a surgical procedure. The wound had to be reopened due to the development of infection and is left to heal with packing and dressing changes twice daily. What would be an appropriate measurable short-term outcome for this client?
- A. The wound will heal before the client is discharged.
- B. The client will be responsible for changing the dressing twice a day.
- C. The client will have no fever and no purulent discharge in 3 days.
- D. Dressing changes will be done twice a day using aseptic technique.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client having no fever or purulent discharge in 3 days is a realistic measurable goal. The wound is large and will not heal within the time frame of discharge. It is unrealistic to have an outcome that the client will be able to change a dressing after a surgical procedure. Dressing changes twice a day is a nursing intervention.