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A nurse is developing a plan for establishing appropriate supportive community care services for older adults to promote independence. Which services would the nurse be most likely to include? Select all that apply.
- A. Transportation
- B. Homemakers
- C. Legal
- D. Housing
- E. Child care
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Supportive services for older adults to promote independence include transportation (A), homemakers (B), legal services (C), and housing (D), addressing mobility, daily tasks, legal needs, and living arrangements. Child care (E) is irrelevant for most older adults.
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A group of nursing students is reviewing the physical changes that occur in older adults. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as contributing to the patient?s risk for drug toxicity?
- A. Reduced liver function
- B. Reduced brain gray matter volume
- C. Lower metabolic rate at rest
- D. Decreased body water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reduced liver function, common in older adults, impairs drug metabolism, increasing toxicity risk. Reduced brain volume, lower metabolic rate, and decreased body water contribute to other issues but are less directly linked to drug toxicity.
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several older adult patients. The nurse determines that which individual would have the least chance of developing mental health problems with aging?
- A. A man who is single, has an eighth grade education, and walks to the mailbox and back every day
- B. A woman who is married with graduate education, eats nutritionally balanced meals, and exercises for 20 minutes each day
- C. A man who is married, has a high school education, eats mostly fast food, and walks a mile each day
- D. A woman who is single, has a college degree and watches what she eats but really does not exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The married woman with graduate education, balanced diet, and regular exercise has protective factors (education, social support, healthy lifestyle) reducing mental health risks. The others have risk factors like lower education, poor diet, or minimal exercise.
A nurse is preparing to conduct an assessment of a 79-year-old woman who has come to the clinic for evaluation. When performing this assessment, which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? Select all that apply.
- A. Dim any lights that appear too bright.
- B. Face the patient from the side.
- C. Use short, simple sentences.
- D. Focus on one topic at a time.
- E. Speak slowly in a shouting tone.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Appropriate assessment techniques for older adults include dimming bright lights (A) to reduce glare, using short, simple sentences (C), and focusing on one topic (D) to accommodate sensory and cognitive changes. Facing from the side (B) is less effective than facing directly, and shouting (E) may be inappropriate or distressing.
While assessing an older adult patient for mental health issues, the nurse pays special attention to the patient?s sensory function based on the understanding of which of the following?
- A. Most older adults follow a specific pattern of decline in functioning leading to gradual onset of problems.
- B. Sensory decline may affect the individual?s ability to process information, possibly influencing the findings of the mental status examination.
- C. Diminished sensory function can lead to changes in other body systems that may affect the individual?s reaction to prescribed medications.
- D. Changes in the senses can result in changes in cognitive abilities that mimic the manifestations of mental disorders.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sensory decline (e.g., hearing, vision) can impair information processing, affecting mental status examination results. Patterns of decline vary, sensory changes don?t directly alter other systems for medication reactions, and cognitive mimicry is possible but less primary.
After checking a patient?s blood pressure, he asks the nurse what changes he should expect in himself as he grows older. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. You don?t have anything to worry about; you will basically stay the same.
- B. Your personality will stay the same, but your intelligence level will lessen somewhat.
- C. Usually, you can anticipate that you will begin to react to things more slowly.
- D. You will become increasingly childlike, and your personality will change.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults typically experience slower reaction times due to age-related cognitive and neurological changes. Personality and intelligence remain relatively stable, and becoming childlike is not a normal aging process.