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A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with generalized anxiety disorder, focusing on nutrition. Which of the following would the nurse encourage the client to avoid? Select all that apply.
- A. Coffee
- B. Ginseng
- C. Milk products
- D. Citrus juices
- E. Aged cheese
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Coffee (A) and ginseng (B) are stimulants that can exacerbate anxiety symptoms in GAD. Milk products (C), citrus juices (D), and aged cheese (E) are not typically contraindicated unless specific sensitivities exist.
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After teaching a class about the biochemical theories associated with panic disorder, the instructor determines a need for additional teaching when the students identify which neurotransmitter as being implicated?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Norepinephrine
- D. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Serotonin (B), norepinephrine (C), and GABA (D) are implicated in panic disorder due to their roles in anxiety regulation. Dopamine (A) is primarily linked to psychosis and reward, not panic, indicating a misunderstanding.
A client with a panic disorder has been prescribed a benzodiazepine medication. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as a risk associated with using this medication?
- A. Dietary restrictions
- B. Withdrawal symptoms
- C. Agitation
- D. Fecal impaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Benzodiazepines (B) carry a significant risk of withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety and seizures, if stopped abruptly, necessitating careful tapering. Dietary restrictions (A) apply to MAOIs, agitation (C) is a symptom not a risk, and fecal impaction (D) is unrelated.
A nurse determines that a client who is experiencing anxiety is using relief behaviors. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing which degree of anxiety?
- A. Mild
- B. Moderate
- C. Severe
- D. Panic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Relief behaviors, such as avoidance or rituals, are typically used in severe anxiety (C) to reduce overwhelming distress. Mild anxiety (A) enhances alertness, moderate (B) involves manageable distress, and panic (D) involves disorganized behavior, not specific relief behaviors.
A client is diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and is prescribed medication therapy. Which agent would the nurse expect to administer to the client to obtain the quickest relief from anxiety symptoms?
- A. Buspirone
- B. Venlafaxine
- C. Alprazolam
- D. Imipramine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprazolam (C), a benzodiazepine, provides the fastest relief from anxiety symptoms due to its rapid onset. Buspirone (A) and venlafaxine (B) take weeks to be effective, and imipramine (D), a TCA, is slower and less used for GAD.
A group of students is reviewing the signs and symptoms associated with anxiety. The students demonstrate an understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as cognitive symptoms? Select all that apply.
- A. Edginess
- B. Feelings of unreality
- C. Difficulty concentrating
- D. Tunnel vision
- E. Apprehensiveness
- F. Speech dysfluency
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Cognitive symptoms of anxiety include feelings of unreality (B), difficulty concentrating (C), and apprehensiveness (E), reflecting mental processing disruptions. Edginess (A) is emotional, tunnel vision (D) is perceptual, and speech dysfluency (F) is behavioral.